2. I think you already know
Of tough and bough and cough and dough?
Others may stumble but not you
On hiccough, thorough, lough, and through.
Well done! And now you wish, perhaps,
To lean less familiar traps?

3. Beware of heard, a dreadful word.
That looks like beard and sounds like bird.
And dead: it’s said like bed, not bead-
For goodness sake don’t call it ‘deed’!
Watch out for meat and great and threat
They rhyme with suite and straight and debt.
(T.S.W., 1970)

4. Phonetics
-study of the characteristics of
speech sounds

5. Articulatory Phonetics
• how speech sounds are made or articulated

6. Articulation
• voiced /z/ /v/ /r/
• voiceless /f/ /s/ /p/

7. Place of articulation

8. Bilabials
-sounds produced formed using
both lower and upper lips
/p/ /b/ /m/ /w/

9. Labiodentals
-these sounds formed with the
upper teeth and the lower lip
/f/ /v/

10. Dentals
-sounds formed with the tip
behind the upper front teeth
/Ɵ/ or /th/ / /
soft hard

11. Alveolar
-sounds formed with the front part
of the tongue on the alveolar
ridge
/t/ /s/ /d/ /z/ /n/
/l//r/

12. Alveo- Palatal
-sounds produced with the tongue
and the hard palate
/sh/ /ch/ /zh/ /j/
Palatal : /y/

13. Velars
-sounds produced with the soft
palate and back of the tongue
/k/ /g/ /ng/

14. Glottals
-sounds produced without the
active use of the tongue and
other parts of the mouth
/h/

15. Vowel sounds
-produced with a relatively free flow of
air typically voiced
/a/ /e/ /i/ /o/ /u/

16. Diphthongs
• ‘combined’ vowel sounds

17. Please click on the link below
http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk
/activities/phonemic-chart

18. References:
• Yule, G. ( 1996). The Study of Language. 2nd
ed. Cambridge, United Kingdon: Cambridge
University Press.
• http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/activities/
phonemic-chart