Folleto gramatical 1_tercer_nivel_distancia

FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
1
El presente simple es el tiempo más simple del idioma ingles.
Se lo usa para hablar sobre hechos que constituyen hábitos o costumbres.
Se lo forma con la base del verbo infinitivo.
A continuación se detalla un cuadro de cómo usar este tiempo en oraciones
simples, preguntas y negativas con los pronombres personales.
Conjugación Inglés Español
Primera persona
singular
I play Yo juego
Segunda persona
singular
You play Tu juegas
Tercera personal
singular
He plays
She plays
It plays
El juega
Ella juega
( para objetos)
Primera persona plural You play Ustedes juegan
Segunda persona plural We play Nosotros jugamos
Tercera persona plural They play Ellos juegan
En ingles existe una regla solo para presente simple la misma que dice: si usa
la tercera persona singular (he, she, it) (el, ella, objetos) se debe añadir una s
al verbo que se conjuga.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Una oración debe tener sujeto y predicado.
Subject + verb + predicate/complement
Anita + runs + every morning
USOS DEL PRESENTE SIMPLE
1. Acciones habituales: estilos de vida, hábitos, rutina
diaria
1. Lucas gets up at 9:00 am. (Lucas se levanta a las nueve.)

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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2. Paul and I do a lot of things every day. (Paul y yo hacemos muchas cosas a
diario.)
2. Hechos o verdades generales
1. The sun sets in the west. (El sol se pone por el oeste.)
2. The Earth goes around the sun. (La Tierra gira alrededor del sol.)
3. Situaciones permanentes
1. The teacher lives in Quito. La profesora vive en Quito.
2. It costs a lot of money to stay at the Hilton Colon Quito. Cuesta mucho
dinero hospedarse en el Hilton Colon Quito.
EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO MÁS COMUNES EN EL
PRESENTE SIMPLE
Ingles Español
Day
morning
Every afternoon
night
week
month
year
Día
Mañana
Tarde
Cada Noche
Semana
Mes
Año
Adverbs of frequency Adverbios de frecuencia
Always
Usually
Often
Sometimes
Seldom/Rarely
Never
Siempre
Usualmente
A menudo
A veces
Rara vez
Nunca
COMO FORMAR LAS PREGUNTAS EN PRESENTE SIMPLE
Para formar preguntas en ingles usando el presente simple se necesita de
auxiliares estos son do / does
do
I we, you, they
does
He, she, it

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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Como se puede ver en el cuadro anterior existen dos auxiliares: el auxiliar do
para los pronombres I, we, you, they y el auxiliar does para he, she, it.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Auxiliar + sujeto + verbo + complemento/predicado?
Does + Juan + book + an airplane ticket to Miami?
Subject Complement/Predicate
¿Reserva Juan un ticket de avión para Miami?
Do + the students + develop + the online exercises at home?
Desarrollan los estudiantes los ejercicios online en casa?
RESPUESTAS CORTAS EN PRESENTE SIMPLE
Si las preguntas llevan auxiliares do o does se pueden contestar de una forma
corta.
Afirmativa: Yes, she does Negativa: No, I don t
Las respuestas se usan según el pronombre de la pregunta.
Pregunta
Respuesta
corta
Afirmativa
Respuesta corta
negativa
Do I need a pencil? Yes, I do No, I don t.
Do you need a book? Yes, you do No, you don t
Does he need some money? Yes, she does No, she doesn t
Does she buy candies? Yes, he does No, he doesn t
Does it need color? Yes, it does No, it doesn t
Do you play soccer? Yes, you do No, you don t
Do we have English classes? Yes, we do No, we don t
Do they go to the movies every
weekend?
Yes, they do No they don t
Notar que cuando la tercera persona singular tiene auxiliar, el
verbo no debe llevar s

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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COMO HACER PREGUNTAS USANDO WH-QUESTION
WORDS
En ingles se usan los WH-questions para preguntar dónde?, cuando?, por
qué? , quién?, cómo?, cuál?, que?.
Ingles Español
Where
Who
When
How
What
Why
Which
donde
quien
cuando
como
que
por que
cual
REGLA GRAMATICAL
WH-question + auxiliar + sujeto + verbo + complemento
When + does + English classes + start?
Why + do + study + in the morning?
COMO REALIZAR ORACIONES NEGATIVAS EN PRESENTE
SIMPLE
Para realizar oraciones negativas se debe aumentar la palabra not a los
auxiliares, véase en el cuadro siguiente
Negative Contractions
Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not
I don't like milk = I do not like milk

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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Conjugación
Ingles
Auxiliary sin
contracción
Ingles
Auxiliar con
contracción
Español
1era. persona singular I do not work I don t work Yo no trabajo
2nda. persona singular You do not work You don t work Tu no trabajas
3ra. personal singular He does not work
She does not
work
It does not work
He doesn t work
She doesn t work
It doesn t work
El no trabaja
Ella no trabaja
Esto no trabaja
1ra. persona plural You do not work. You don t work Ustedes no
trabajan
2nda. persona plural We do not work. We don t work Nosotros no
trabajamos
3ra. persona plural They do not work They don t work Ellos(a) no
trabajan
Notar que cuando la tercera persona singular tiene auxiliar, el
verbo no debe llevar s
Exercise No. 1
Llenar los espacios en blanco con la forma correcta del verbo en
paréntesis y su respectivo auxiliar en el caso de preguntas y negativas.
1. What time _______he _______ work? (finish)
2. I ________ English rather well. (speak)
3. He ____________ Spanish at all. (not speak))
4. He _________ home at 6 every day. (arrive)
5. ________ he ______ we are here? (know)
6. Peter and John__________ apples. (not like)
7. School ________ at half past eight.(start)
8. I ________ to school five days a week.(go)
9. I_______ him. (love)
10.He _______ me too. (love)
11.My friend __________ skiing but she________ skating. (not enjoy; love)

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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Exercise No. 2
Complete las siguientes oraciones usando la forma correcta del auxiliar
do, don t, does, doesn t.
Example: George works in a shop, but he______ work in an office.
Answer: George works in a shop, but he doesn t work in an office.
1. My mother likes chocolate, but she ________ like biscuits.
2. What _________ the children wear at your school?
3. Lynn s father watches badminton on TV, but he_________ watch judo.
4. Where ___________ the Adams buy their fruit?
5. _________ the cat like to sleep on the sofa?
6. Dogs love bones, but they ________ love cheese.
7. Where_________ Sam and Ben hide their CDs?
8. We eat pizza, but we _________ eat hamburgers.
9. ____________ Mrs. Miller read magazines?
10.__________ the boys play soccer outside?
Exercise No. 3
Complete el siguiente ejercicio usando adverbios de frecuencia.
1. I m a terrible student. I m __________ late for class. I m
____________on time. I ___________ turn in my homework late. I
_______________ get As on tests. In fact I fail at least one class
almost every semester. I hate school.
2. I m a good student, but I like to have fun too. I m ____________ on
time for classes. I don t get very many As , but I ____________ fail
a test. I ___________ forget to do my homework. I_________________
go out on Saturday nights, and _________________ I go out on
weeknights too, if I don t have too much homework.
3. I love school. I m a excellent student; in fact, I _______________ get
studying. I ____________ go out. My friends say I am too serious,
but I love to study and learn new things.
Completa el siguiente ejercicio usando adverbios de frecuencia
sobre ti. (Respuestas propias)
I m a _____________ student. I m ____________ late for class. I m
___________ on time. I_____________ do my assignments. I______________

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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fail tests. I go out on weekends______________, and I _____________ go
out on weeknights, too. I go to the library_____________.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AS FUTURE
Los tiempos progresivos ("progressive tenses" o "continuous tenses") expresan
el "progreso" o desarrollo de una acción en un momento dado.
El tiempo presente progresivo ("present progressive") expresa una acción que
se está desarrollando en el momento presente, generalmente, una acción
temporánea que comenzó hace poco tiempo y que terminará pronto.
En inglés, al igual que en español, el tiempo presente progresivo está formado
por el verbo auxiliar "be" (ser o estar) conjugado en tiempo presente, más el
"present participle" (form + ing) del verbo principal.
NOTA: En esta ocasión lo único que vamos a hacer es usar una
expresión de tiempo en futuro para usar mencionar planes o
actividades que planeamos hacer a futuro.
SUBJECT
VERB TO
BE
BASE FORM
OF VERB +
ING
EXPRESSION OF FUTURE
+ I am traveling tomorrow morning.
- She is not Coming Next week.
? Are you watching a movie tonight?
Examples:
My plane is arriving tonight at about 8:30 pm.
My parents are leaving town tomorrow.
Jack isn't meeting with us next weekend

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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Notar que las expresiones de tiempo se refieren al futuro y la
oración básica esta en presente progresivo
Exercise No. 4
Responda las preguntas en presente progresivo como futuro usando
la información del diario de Jerry.
This is Jerry s diary:
MONDAY Meet Jasmine
TUESDAY watch a movie
WEDNESDAY job interview
THURSDAY play tennis
FRIDAY take a plane to Chile
1. What is Jerry doing on Wednesday?
2 . What is Jerry doing on Monday?
. .
3 . What is Jerry doing on Friday?
. .
4 . What is Jerry doing on Thursday?
.
5 . What is Jerry doing on Tuesday?
..
Exercise No. 5
Complete las oraciones con presente progresivo como futuro
usando los verbos en paréntesis
1. Maria ______________ (travel) next week to Mexico.
2. Jose and Pedro________________ (work) together next month.
3. The doctors _________________( help) their patients tomorrow.
4. Luis _________________ (buy) a new car in December.
5. I ______________(make) lasagna tonight.
6. The children______________(play) a soccer match next week.

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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Exercise No. 6
Complete las oraciones utilizando la forma correcta del verbo en
afirmativo, negativo o pregunta. (Recuerde presente progresivo
como futuro)
1. I ________________ ( not meet) some friends after work.
2. I ________________ (go)to the party tonight.
3. ____he __________ (visit) his parents next weekend?
4. _______ she _______ (come) with us tonight?
5. _______ the teachers___________(send) homework tonight?
6. The nurses________________ (not have lunch) at the hospital.

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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USOS DEL FUTURO SIMPLE
Acciones que se van a desarrollar con certeza en el futuro.
I will prepare some pancakes tomorrow. Prepararé algunos panqueques mañana.
My nephew will be six in May. Mi sobrino cumplirá seis años en Mayo.
Predicción en el futuro.
It will snow tomorrow. Nevará mañana.
It will be sunny next week. Estará soleado la próxima semana.
Promesas
I will help you as soon as I arrive. Te ayudaré tan pronto como llegue.
Ofrecimientos
I will stay with you all night if you really need it.
Me quedaré contigo toda la noche si realmente lo necesitas.
Suele utilizarse el auxiliar shall (o su contracción 'll) para el
futuro de la primera persona del singular y del plural.
We shall go to the movies = We will go to the movies
We'll go to the movies. Iremos al cine.
EXPRESIONES USUALES DEL FUTURO SIMPLE
tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2015
next Monday - next week - next month - next year
REGLA GRAMATICAL
subject + will + 1
1 2 3
go went gone

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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Regla gramatical para modo afirmativo, negativo e
interrogativo.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I will go I won't go Will I go ?
You will go You won't go Will you go ?
He will go He won't go Will he go ?
She will go She won't go Will she go ?
It will go It won't go Will it go ?
We will go We won't go Will we go ?
You will go You won't go Will you go ?
They will go They won't go Will they go ?
Affirmative subject + will + 1
I will travel to Canada - Viajaré a Canada.
He will travel to Canadá - El viajará a Canadá.
Negative subject + won't (will not) + 1
I won't travel to Canada - No viajaré a Canada.
He won't travel to Canadá - El no viajará a Canadá.
Interrogative Will + subject + 1 ?
Will I travel to Canada? - ¿Viajaré a Canada?
Will he travel to Canadá? - ¿Viajará el a Canadá?
USOS DEL FUTURO BE GOING TO

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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El tiempo futuro con 'going to' se usa más comúnmente en el lenguaje
hablado cuando se desea hacer referencia del futuro inmediato, a algo
que está por ocurrir
It's going to rain!
¡Va a llover! (algo que está por ocurrir)
También se emplea para hablar de intenciones o planes para hacer
algo.
I am going to learn English. Voy a aprender inglés. (intención)
REGLA GRAMATICAL
subject + be + going to + 1
1 2 3
swim swam swum
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I am going to read I am not going to read Am I going to read?
You are going to read You are not going to read Are you going to read?
He is going to read He is not going to read Is he going to read?
She is going to read She is not going to read Is she going to read?
It is going to rain It is not going to rain Is it going to rain?
We are going to read We are not going to read Are we going to read?
You are going to read You are not going to read Are you going to read?
They are going to read They are not going to read Are they going to read?
Affirmative subject + be + going to + 1
I am going to study English. -Voy a estudiar ingles.
She is going to take the final exam. - Ella va a dar el examen final.
Negative subject + be+ not + going to + 1
I am not going to study English. -No voy a estudiar ingles.
She is not going to take the final exam. - Ella no va a dar el examen final.

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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Interrogative Be + subject + going to + 1 ?
Am I going to study English?. -Voy a estudiar ingles?.
Is she going to take the final exam? - Va ella a dar el examen final.?
EXERCISES WITH WILL AND BE GOING TO
1. Two people are travelling to a Car show. Read their conversation and circle the most
appropriate future form.
JASON: I just heard the weather report.
ARIEL: Oh? What's the forecast?
JASON: It's raining / It's going to rain tomorrow.
ARIEL: Oh, no. I hate driving in the rain. And it's a long drive to the Car Show.
JASON: Wait! I have an idea. 1 We´ll take / We´re going to take the train instead!
ARIEL: Good idea! Do you have a train schedule?
JASON: Yes. Here's one. There's a train that 2 will leave / leaves at 7:00 A.M.
ARIEL: What about lunch? Oh, I know. 3 I'll make / I'm making some sandwiches for us to take
along. I don´t like train food.
JASON: Sounds good. You know it´s a long trip. What 4 are we doing / are we going to do all
those hours?
ARIEL: Don´t worry. 5 We'll think / We´re thinking of something.
JASON: You know, we have to get up really early.
ARIEL: That's true. I think 6 I'm going / I'll go home now.
JASON: OK. 7 I'm seeing you / I'll see you tomorrow. Good night.
2. Look at the verbs in italics. Do the sentences express present or future time?
a. The students are going to give oral reports today. present future
b. I'm beginning a new job next week. present future
c. Look. It's beginning to rain. present future
d. The teacher will be in her office after class today. present future
e. When the class is over, the teacher will be in her office. present future
f. Finally, class is over. Let's get a cup of coffee. present future
g. Oh no! We have only five minutes to make our train! present future
h. Our train leaves from Track 37 in five minutes. present future
i. The soccer team is playing in Barcelona next week. present future
j. The soccer team is playing well today. They're winning. present future

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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3. Correct the errors.
a. Marie will cooks some chicken and rice for dinner tonight.
b. Where you will be tomorrow morning?
c. I no will ride the bus to work tomorrow.
d. Marco will probably to call us this evening
e. I going to look for a new apartment.
4. Stephen and his girlfriend, Sophie, are talking about what they're going to do when
they finish their exams. Put the phrases in the box in the appropriate gaps in the
following text.
Won't be 'll be able 'll have let's are you going to
'll stay 'll be 'll have will be will make 'll love
Stephen: When I finish my exams, I think I 'll have a long holiday at home. My mother
1_______________ happy to have me back at home for a while. What 2_______________ do?
Sophie : I think I 3________________ in London for a few weeks and enjoy all the tourist
attractions. I haven't had a chance to see anything yet. London is so fascinating. It
4_________________ nice to have time to look around, and go to the theatre and the
galleries and everything.
STEPHEN: That's a great idea! I might stay for a week and do the same. If the weather's
good, we 5_________________ to have a picnic in Hyde Park and behave like real
tourists!
SOPHIE: You 6________________ to tell your mother first. She
7___________________________ very pleased!
STEPHEN: I tell you what 8___________________ her happy! If you come with me to
Barbados! Oh, go on! 9____________________ go together! You
10_____________________my island!

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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CAN COULD BE ABLE TO
PODER
PUDE SER CAPAZ DE
CAN: Es un verbo auxiliar que se usa en presente y sirve para:
· Describir habilidades: I can play the flute (Yo puedo tocar la flauta)
· Pedir algo: Can you pass me the salt please?
(Me puedes pasar la sal por favor?)
· Pedir o dar permiso: Can I smoke in the livingrooom?
(Puedo fumar en la sala?)
Sujeto/Subject Verbo
auxiliar
Verbo
principal
Complement
+ I can prepare italian food
- She can not play soccer.
¿ Can you speak german?
COULD: Es un verbo auxiliar que se puede usar para:
· Hablar sobre posibilidades o habilidades de pasado
I could Jump very high. (Yo podía saltar muy alto)
· Sirve para pedir algo de una manera muy cortés
Could you help me with this exercise please?
( Podrías ayudarme con este ejercicio por favor?)

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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Sujeto/Subject Verbo
auxiliar
Verbo
principal
Complement
+ I could ride the bike.
- She could not run fast.
¿ Could you Come with me please?
BE ABLE TO: No es un verbo auxiliar, puede expresar habilidad y se lo
puede usar en vez de can.
We are able to travel. (Nosotros podemos viajar)
Anita is able to speak two languages. (Anita puede hablar dos idiomas)
Sujeto/Subject Be main
verb
Able
(adjetivo)
Verb
+ I am able to teach English.
- She is not able to drive the car.
¿ Are you able to take the test?
Tomar en cuenta que la palabra able to puede ser usada en todos los tiempos.
· Presente: I am able to travel tomorrow.
· Pasado: He was able to come to the party.
· Futuro: They will be able to train soccer
EXERCISES /EJERCICIOS
Complete las siguientes oraciones con el auxiliar can o could,
pueden ser afirmativas o negativas.
Exercise 1:
Example: Yesterday I _____________ a film, today I can't. (can/ watch)
Answer: Yesterday I could watch a film, today I can't.
1) Last week we_____________ swimming, this week we can't. (can/ go)
2) Maybe the Smiths __________a new house next year. (can/ build)
3) If you try hard, you ____________ your examinations. (can/ pass)

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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4) When I was five, I _____________ .(not/can/ swim)
5) Dennis _______________ the trumpet after four months. (can/ play)
6) Luke has passed his driving test, now he ___________ a car. (can/ drive)
7) For three weeks I ____________ to him on the phone. (not/can/to speak)
Exercise 2:
Complete las oraciones con can, can`t, could or couldn t
1. For a long time, Jim and Maria ____________ agree on a family sport.
Jim loves tennis, and Maria takes lessons, but she still__________ play.
Maria ________________ swim, but Jim hates the water. They recently
took up dancing. Soon, they ___________ tango beautifully together.
2. Last year I _________ dance at all, but when I met Stan, I signed up for a
class right away. He ___________ really dance, and I wanted to dance
with him. Now I ___________ do the basic steps. I ____________ do the
waltz yet, but we re planning to waltz at our wedding next month.
3. Stefan has made a lot of progress in English. Last semester he
_______________ order a meal in a restaurant or talk on the telephone.
His friends helped him do everything. Now he _______________ speak
English in a lot of situations.
Exercise 3:
Complete cada conversación con la forma correcta de be able to y
el verbo en paréntesis.
1. A: I heard your sister wanted to take lessons. ________ she
___________________ (start)?
B: Yes, she was. She started last month. She can do fox-trot now, but
she still ________________ (do) the waltz.
2. A: Why are you taking dance lessons?
B: I want to ________________ (dance) at my wedding!
3. A: _______________ you _____________(speak) Russian as a child, Mrs.
Suraikin?
B: Yes, I was. We spoke it at home, so I__________________ (speak )it
fluently.

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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Las oraciones condicionales tienen dos partes:
1.- la oración subordinada con IF que expresa una condición.
2.- La oración principal WILL que expresa el resultado (es decir si se cumple o
no la condición)
Se habla de futuro, se piensa en una condición particular en futuro y el
resultado de esta condición. Existe una probabilidad real de que ésta
condición suceda.
Ejemplo: Estoy en mi casa en la mañana, planeo jugar tenis en la tarde,
pero el cielo está nublado, ¿qué pasaría si llueve? ¿Juego o no?
IF condition result
present simple WILL + base verb
If it rains, I will stay at home.
Si pueden notar, estoy hablando de una condición a futuro, pero el cielo está
nublado, y pienso que tal vez llueva. Uso el presente simple para hablar de
esta posible condición (IF). Uso el futuro (will) para hablar sobre el posible
resultado.
Lo importante de esta primera condición es que hay una posibilidad real de
que la condición suceda.

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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EJEMPLOS / EXAMPLES:
IF condition result
present simple WILL + base verb
If I see Mary, I will tell her.
If Tara is free tomorrow, he will invite her.
If they do not pass their exam, their teacher will be sad.
If it rains tomorrow, will you stay at home?
If it rains tomorrow, what will you do?
result IF condition
WILL + base verb present simple
I will tell Mary if I see her.
He will invite Tara if she is free tomorrow.
Their teacher will be sad if they do not pass their exam.
Will you stay at home if it rains tomorrow?
What will you do if it rains tomorrow?
NOTA: Como pueden observar la oración se puede empezar con if o a su
vez con will (resultado). Ambas formas son válidas en la estructura
gramatical.
Recuerda, si se usa if primero, se debe poner una coma obligatoriamente
antes de empezar la segunda oración.
Terceras personas (s) en el verbo y auxiliares se siguen manteniendo.

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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ADJECTIVES + INFINITIVES (INFINITIVOS
DESPUÉS DE UN ADJETIVO
Como sabemos los adjetivos son usados para describir algo. En esta ocasión
vamos a usar adjetivos con verbos en infinitivo.
Adjetivos / Adjectives: happy, afraid, tired, etc.
Infinitivos / Infinitives: recuerdan? significa poner la preposición to
antes de un verbo, to finish, to go, to prepare, to do etc.
Como usamos este tipo de estructura gramatical?
FACIL:
SUBJECT + BE ADJECTIVE INFINITIVE COMPLEMENT
I'm happy to meet you.
He is glad to help them.
We are not afraid to touch a snake.
ADJECTIVES + PREPOSITIONS
Como sabemos los adjetivos son usados para describir algo. En esta ocasión
vamos a usar adjetivos + preposiciones.
Adjetivos / Adjectives: happy, afraid, tired, etc.
Preposiciones/Prepositions: of, to, about, with, for, at, by

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
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Como usamos este tipo de estructura gramatical?
FACIL:
SUBJECT VERB ADJECTIVE PREPOSITION COMPLEMENT
It is stupid of her to go out without a
coat.
They were disappointed with your tests results.
She was surprised By / at the news
NOTA: Lista de adjetivos + preposiciones al final
del folleto.
EJERCICIOS /EXERCISES
1. - First Conditional (Fill in the blanks) Llenar los
espacios.
1. If you (not study), you (fail) the test.
2. We (die) if we (not get) help soon!
3. If you (look) in the fridge, you (find) some cold drinks.
4. If there (be) no oil in the engine, the car (break) down.
5. I (lend) you my umbrella if you (need) it.
6. The sea level (rise) if the planet (get) hotter.
7. If you (eat) your sandwiches now, you (not have) anything for
lunch!
8. You (be) safe in an accident if you (wear) your seatbelt.
9. If he (save) all his money, he (be able to go) on holiday to
Canada.
10. I (not come) with you if you (not bring) John!

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2. - Adjectives + infinitives. Choose the best
answer (Escoga la respuesta apropiada.
1. We have to leave soon. Are you ready __? a) to go b) to meet c) to help
2. a) Hello. My name is Sara.
b) Hello. I'm very pleased __ you.
a) to eat b) to meet c) to be
3. Lee is very sad __ the news about his grandpa. a) to change b) to be c) to hear
4. You should be proud __ a student. a) to go b) to be c) to call
5. After a car accident, some people are lucky __
alive.
a) to reach b) to go c) to be
6. Are you afraid __ a snake? a) to call b) to touch c) to listen
7. The students aren't prepared __ the exam. a) to take b) to listen c) to work
8. The President was glad __ that the war was
finally over.
a) to be b) to take c) to know
9. The people are happy __ the police caught the
robber.
a) to take b) to be c) to hear
10. The robber isn't glad __ in jail. a) to hear b) to be c) to know
11. Dinner is ready. __ your brother ready to eat? a) Are b) Is c) Be
12. a) Hello. My name is Arnold.
b) Hi Arnold! We __ very pleased to meet you.
a) are b) is c) be
13. Mel Gibson and Jackie Chan __ proud to be
movie stars.
a) are b) is c) am
14. Mel __ very sad to see that Jennifer got
married.
a) are b) is c) am
15. Brad __ glad to be married to Jennifer. a) are b) is c) am
16. Jennifer __ prepared to quit acting. a) aren't b) isn't c) am not
17. Many women __ unhappy to hear that Brad
got married!
a) are b) be c) was
18. Many men __ happy to know that Jennifer
got married.
a) aren't b) isn't c) am not
19. I __ not afraid to touch a snake! a) are b) is c) am
20. After his car accident, Frank __ lucky to be
alive.
a) were b) was c) am

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3.- Adjectives + prepositions. Fill in the blanks
with the correct preposition.
1. I m angry him for telling lies about me.
2. Are you afraid him?
3. It's very nice you to lend me your car.
4. He is married his sister.
5. It's very nice you to lend me your car.
6. Why are you always so bad your parents?
7. It wasn t very polite him to leave without saying thank you.
8. I can t understand people who are cruel animals.
9. I have to stop to talk to you. I m a bit short time.
10. Are you interested football?
11. You shoes are similar mine but they are not exactly the same.
12. We ve got enough to eat. The fridge is full food.
13. I felt sorry the children because it rained every day.
14. He said he was sorry the situation but there was nothing he could do.
15. He is good playing chess.

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GERUNDS / GERUNDIOS
Lo primer es entender que significa gerundio
Gerundio es un verbo que termina en ing: play + ing = playing
· Dance + ing = dancing / cook + ing = cooking
USOS DE LOS GERUNDIOS
1. Como sujeto de la oración:
En este caso significa que el gerundio forma parte de una oración como
sujeto de la misma.
Ejemplo: Swimming is a good sport. (Natación es un buen deporte)
Si pueden ver estoy usando el verbo swim + ing y es parte del sujeto de
mi oración.
Driving a car requires good vision. (Manejar un auto requiere de buena
visión).

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2. Como objeto de la oración:
Aquí el gerundio va a formar parte del predicado o complemento.
Ejemplo: My mother loves watching TV. (Mi mama le encanta ver
televisión)
Pueden ver que watching en la oración pertenece a la parte del
predicado o complemento.
3. Después de una preposición:
En este caso un gerundio se lo ubica después de una preposición.
Ejemplo: She is responsible for doing her homework.
Preposición gerundio
I am tired of waking up early. (Estoy cansada de levantarme temprano)
Preposición gerundio
INFINITIVES /INFINITIVOS
Infinitivo quiere decir usar un verbo con la palabra to.
To play (jugar) to sing (cantar) to work (trabajar)

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USOS DE LOS INFINITIVOS
1. Como sujeto de la oración:
En este caso significa que el infinitivo forma parte de una oración como
sujeto de la misma.
Ejemplo: To speak a foreign language well requires practice. (Hablar
bien un idioma extranjero requiere de practica)
Como pueden observar este verbo infinitivo está haciendo el papel de
sujeto dentro de la oración.
To read a good book is my favorite hobby. (Leer un buen libro es mi
hobby favorito).
2. Como objeto de la oración:
Aquí el infinitivo va a formar parte del predicado o complemento.
Ejemplo: We don t need to fight like this. (Nosotros no necesitamos
pelear de esta manera).
En el ejemplo pueden ver que to fight pertenece al predicado o
complemento.
EJERCICIOS / EXERCISES
GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS OF THE SENTENCE
Exercise No. 1

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1. Use los verbos entre paréntesis para formar oraciones que
empiecen con gerundios como sujeto de la oración.
a. ( lose) ____________ a job is difficult.
b. (cook)_____________ desserts is my favorite hobby.
c. (study)_____________ English grammar helps us to understand
better.
d. (drink)______________ warm milk helps me to sleep.
e. (go)________________ on vacation is good for families.
GERUNS AFTER PREPOSITIONS
Exercise No. 2
2. Con los verbos en paréntesis forme oraciones utilizando
gerundios después de las preposiciones.
a. He is tired of____________ (get) up early in the morning.
b. Maria talks about____________ (have) a party on Saturday.
c. My parents plan on____________(travel) next summer.
d. Joana thanked Luis for___________ (invite) her to the cinema.
e. I am interested in_____________(learn) a new language.
INFINITIVES AS SUBJECTS OF THE SENTENCE
Exercise No. 3
3. Use los verbos entre paréntesis para formar oraciones que
empiecen con infinitivo como sujeto de la oración.
a. ( eat)____________ at Maxi is his wish.
b. (travel) ____________ abroad is my dream.
c. (drink) _____________ a lot of water is good for health.
d. (watch) ____________ History programs on TV is good for students.
e. ( learn) ___________ a lot of English grammar helps us to develop
the exam.
INFINITIVES AS OBJECT OF THE SENTENCE
Exercise No. 4

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4. Use los verbos entre paréntesis para formar oraciones con
infinitivos como objeto de la oración.
a. We like____________ (read) novels.
b. The students don t need___________ (make) copies for the project.
c. The children go____________ (play) soccer in the park.
d. Adult people enjoy___________ (drink) herbal tea after meals.
e. She hopes ___________ (finish) her studies by 2012.
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
Las preguntas indirectas tienen el mismo propósito que las preguntas
directas, simplemente estas preguntas indirectas en el idioma ingles se
las considera más formales (polite).
¿Qué se considera una pregunta indirecta?
Una pregunta indirecta se considera aquellas frases especiales que se usan
como las siguientes:
Ø Do you know?
Ø Can you tell me?
Ø Have you any idea...?
Ø I am not sure...
Ø I would like to know...
Ø I wonder...
Despues de usar estas preguntas o frases indirectas se procede a realizar la
pregunta propiamente dicha.
Ejemplo / Example:
Pregunta indirecta + pregunta directa
Do you know + where my sister is?

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Entonces la pregunta de una manera más formal queda de la siguiente
manera:
Do you know where my sister is?
Se preguntarán a ustedes mismo, porque la pregunta directa tiene is al final y
no despues de la palabra where como nos enseña la regla gramatical. (Where
is my sister?)
La respuesta es porque ya tenemos una frase indirecta que hace el papel de
pregunta al inicio y porque la pregunta directa en este caso se convierte en
una oración afirmativa.
More examples:
PREGUNTA DIRECTA / DIRECT
QUESTION
PREGUNTA INDIRECTA /
INDIRECT QUESTION
Where does Juan live? Do you know where Juan lives?
Is she studying Math at home? I wonder if she is studying Math at
home?
Will the students travel to Loja? Can you tell me if the students will
travel to Loja?
Did your parents go to Baños? I am not sure whether your parents
went to Baños?
What did your sister do after lunch? I would like to know what your sister
did after lunch?
Cada vez que una pregunta empieza con un wh-word question se mantiene el
mismo.
1. Do you know where Juan lives?
2. I would like to know what your sister did after lunch.
Cada vez que una pregunta empieza con auxiliares directamente ( is, are, am,
do, does, did, will) se procede a utilizar la palabra if or whether (significan lo
mismo= si) despues de la pregunta indirecta.
1. I wonder if she is studying Math at home.
2. Can you tell me whether the students will travel to Loja?
3. I am not sure if your parents went to Baños.

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Recuerden: Cuando se tiene una pregunta indirecta al inicio, la pregunta
propiamente dicha cambia su estructura, es decir se vuelve una oración
afirmativa, fíjese en los ejemplos arriba mencionados.
Exercise No. 5
Complete the indirect question with the information given below.
1 "Where's the station?"
"Can you tell me where the station is ?"
2 "Are you coming to the party?"
"Can you let me know if ___________________________________________ ?"
3 "How does it work?"
"Can you explain ___________________________________________ ?"
4 "What's the the matter?"
Please tell me ___________________________________________ ."
5 "Where are you from?"
"I'd like to know ___________________________________________ ."
6 "How long does it take to get there?"
"Do you know ___________________________________________ ?"
7 "Has she reached a decision yet?"
"Has she told you whether ___________________________________________ ?"
8 "What time are you leaving?"
"Do you know ___________________________________________ ?"
9 "Does Annie know about computers?"
"I wonder whether ___________________________________________ ."
10 "Excuse me. How do you get to the post office from here?"
"Could you tell us ___________________________________________ ?"
11 "What are you doing?!"
"Do you have any idea ___________________________________________ ?!"
12 "Could you lend me 50 Euros?"
"I don't suppose ___________________________________________ ."

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13 "Could you take me to the airport?"
"Is there any chance ___________________________________________ ?"
14 "Does Susana like classical music?"
"I can't remember if ___________________________________________ ."
Exercise No. 6
Write indirect questions.
1. Have you ever been to Kapadokya?
I wonder if you have been to Kapadokya.
2. Who scored Barcelona's first goal last night?
Do you know .?
3. When is Francisco going to move to Manta?
I have no idea
4. Who brought this computer to the office?
I want to know ..
5. Does your new girlfriend smoke?
I wonder
6. How many times has Michael been to Mexico?
Could you tell me ?
7. Can she play the guitar?
I wonder
8. What were you doing when the earthquake happened?
I don t remember
9. Has Jenny moved to Cuenca?
I don t know .
10. What time did the coordinator leave the office?
I don t remember .

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USE OF : SO / TOO / EITHER / NEITHER
SO / TOO
SO / TOO es usado para expresar un acuerdo (también) en oraciones
afirmativas
Example: Jennifer works from Monday to Friday. So does Esteban or Esteban
too.
Jennifer trabaja de Lunes a Viernes. También Esteban o Esteban también.
Lo que so y too expresan en su uso es que la segunda persona hace también lo
mismo.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
SO +
So
Auxiliary +
does
Subject (Pronoun)
Esteban (he)
Subject (Pronoun)
Esteban (he)
too
too
Notar que so va antes del auxiliar y too va despues del pronombre.
En este caso el auxiliar dependerá del tiempo de la oración.
Examples / Ejemplos con diferentes tiempos.
Person A Person B
I am happy. So am I. = I am happy too.
I'm going to Brazil in the summer. So am I. = I am going to Brazil too.
You look nice today. So do you. = you look nice too.
Stephanie has a new boyfriend. So does Mary. = Mary has a new one too.

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We went to the concert last night. So did I. = I went to the concert too.
I would love a coffee right now. So would I. = I would love a coffee too.
He will win a prize. So will I. = I will win one too.
They have finished their homework. So have I. = I have finished too.
I can speak two languages. So can I. = I can speak two too.
He should study more. So should I. = I should study more too.
We could see the mountains. So could we. = We could see them too.
My brother had eaten too much. So had I. = I had eaten too much too.
NEITHER / EITHER
Neither / Either es usado para expresar un acuerdo pero en forma negativa,
(tampoco) es decir en oraciones negativas
Example: My husband doesn't speak German. Neither does my daughter or my
daughter doesn't speak German either.
Mi esposo no habla alemán. Tampoco mi hija. Mi hija tampoco.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
NEITHER+
Neither
Auxiliary +
does
Subject (Pronoun)
my daughter (she)
Subject + aux/not +
verb
My daughter doesn't
speak German
either
either
Notar que neither va antes del auxiliar y either va al final de la
oración.
En este caso el auxiliar dependerá del tiempo de la oración.
Examples /Ejemplos con diferentes tiempos.

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Person A Person B
I am not hungry. Neither am I. = I'm not hungry either
I'm not going to quit. Neither am I. = I'm not going to quit either
They don't speak French. Neither do I. = I don't speak French either.
Stephanie doesn't eat meat. Neither does Mary. = Mary doesn't eat meat either.
Mary didn't go to the party. Neither did I. = I didn't go either.
I wouldn't like to do his job. Neither would I. = I wouldn't like to do it either.
He won't stop talking. Neither will you. = You won't stop either.
You haven't finished your meal. Neither have you. = You haven't finished either.
Mike can't reach the top shelf. Neither can I. = I can't reach it either.
You shouldn't talk in the movie. Neither should you. = You shouldn't talk either.
We couldn't hear him. Neither could we. = We couldn't hear him either.
I hadn't seen her before. Neither had I. = I hadn't seen her before either.
Exercise No. 7
Complete the conversation with so, too, neither, either
1.- A: I love Indian food.
B: ______________ do I.
2.- A: I am not in the mood for fast food.
B: _________ am I.
3.- A: I can't stand horror movies.
B: I can't __________
4.- A: I'm crazy about Ecuadorian desserts.
B: I am ________________
5.- A: I think ceviches are delicious.
B: _____________ do I.
6.- A: I don't eat enough healthy food.
B: I don't ___________________
7.- A: My sister has been to Galapagos twice.
B: ___________ has my sister.

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8.- A: Elias won't travel to Ibarra next Sunday.
B: __________ won't my brother.
Exercise No. 8
Complete column B using so or neither, as in the examples given.
A B
Example 1: Sean is Irish. Michael is Irish too.
> > >
Example 1: Sean is Irish. So is Michael.
Example 2 : Tom doesn't like sailing. I don't
like sailing either. > > >
Example 2 : Tom doesn't like sailing.
Neither do I
1) My sister loves chocolate. I love chocolate
too.
1)
2) Peter was late. Mary was late too.
2)
3) They can't speak Chinese. We can't speak
Chinese either.
3)
4) Coffee keeps you awake. Tea keeps you
awake too.
4)
5) Sarah doesn't like coffee. Jane doesn't like
coffee either.
5)
6) David's job isn't well paid. My job isn't well
paid either.
6)
7) My parents would love to live by the sea. I
would love to live by the sea too.
7)
8) Tom wouldn't like to lose his job. Peter
wouldn't like to lose his job either.
8)
9) Julie is interested in art. I'm interested in
art too.
9)
10) Bill didn't understand the joke. His wife
didn't understand the joke either.
10)

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ANSWERS / RESPUESTAS
EXERCISES UNIT 1
Exercise No. 1
1. Does finish
2. Speak
3. Doesnt speak
4. Arrives
5. Does know
6. Don t like
7.
8. Starts
9. Go
10.Love
11.Loves
12.Doesn t enjoy / loves
Exercise No. 2
1. does
2. do
3. doesn t
4. do
5. does
6. don t
7. do
8. don t
9. does
10. do
Exercise No.3
1. Always 2. Always 3. always
Never never/rarely never
Usually /often never
Rarely / seldom sometimes
Sometimes

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Exercise No.4
1. He is having a job interview
2. He is meeting Jasmine
3. He is taking a plane to Chile
4. He is playing tennis
5. He is watching a movie
Exercise No.5
1. is traveling
2. are working
3. are helping
4. is buying
5. am making
6. are playing
Exercise No.6
1. Am not meeting
2. Am going
3. Is visiting
4. Is coming
5. Are sending
6. Are not having
EXERCISES UNIT 2
Exercise No. 1
1. We'll take
2. leaves
3. I'm making
4. are we going to do
5. we'll think
6. I'm going
7. I'll see

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Exercise No. 2
a. future
b. present
c. future
d. future
e. present
f. present
g. future
h. future
i. present
Exercise No. 3
a. Marie will cook some chicken and rice for dinner tonight.
b. Where will you be tomorrow morning?
c. I won't ride the bus to work tomorrow.
d. Marco will probably call us this evening.
e. I am going to look for a new apartment.
Exercise No. 4
1. will be
2. are you going to
3. 'll stay
4. 'll be
5. 'll be able
6. 'll have
7. won't be
8. will make
9. let's
10. 'll love
EXERCISES UNIT 3
Exercise No.1 Exercise No. 2 Exercise No. 3
1. could go 1. couldn t 1. was able to speak
2. can build 2. Can 2. isn t able to do
3. can pass 3. Can 3. be able to dance
4. couldn t swim 4. couldn t 4. were able to speak
5. could play 5. Could 5. am able to speak
6. can drive 6. can
7. couldn t speak 7. Cant
8. could
9. can

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EXERCISES UNIT 4
Exercise No. 1
1. don't study/ will fail
2. will die/ don't get
3. look / will find
4. is / will break
5. will lend / need
6. will rise / gets
7. eat / won't have
8. will be / wear
9. saves / will be
10.won't come / don't bring
Exercise No. 2
1. to go 11. is
2. to meet 12. are
3. to hear 13. are
4. to be 14. is
5. to be 15. is
6. to touch 16. isn't
7. to take 17. are
8. to know 18. aren't
9. to hear 19. am
10.to be 20. was
Exercise No. 3
1. with
2. of
3. to
4. to
5. to
6. at
7. to
8. to
9. of
10.at
11.to
12.of

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13.for /about
14.for / about
15.at
EXERCISES UNIT 5
Exercise No. 1
a. Cooking
b. Studying
c. Drinking
d. Going
Exercises No. 2
a. Getting
b. Having
c. Travelling
d. Inviting
e. Learning
Exercise No. 3
a. To eat
b. To travel
c. To drink
d. To watch
e. To learn
Exercise No. 4
a. To read
b. To make
c. To play
d. To drink
e. To finish
Exercise No. 5
"Where's the station?"

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"Can you tell me where the station is?
"Are you coming to the party?"
"Can you let me know if you're/are coming to the party?
"How does it work?"
"Can you explain (to me) how it works?"
"What's the matter?"
Please tell me what the matter is?"
"Where are you from?"
"I'd like to know where you are from?"
"How long does it take to get there?"
"Do you know how long it takes to get there?"
"Has she reached a decision yet?"
"Has she told you whether she has reached a decision yet?"
"What time are you leaving?"
"Do you know what time you're/are leaving?"
"Does Annie know about computers?"
"I wonder whether Annie knows about computers?"
"Excuse me. How do you get to the post office from here?"
"Could you tell us how /you get/we get/to get/ to the post office from here?"
"What are you doing?!"
"Do you have any idea what you are doing?!"
"Could you lend me 50 Euros?"
"I don't suppose you could lend me 50 Euros."
"Could you take me to the airport?"
"Is there any chance you could take me to the airport?"
"Does Susana like classical music?"
"I can't remember if Susana likes classical music."
Exercise N0. 6
1. I wonder if you have ever been to Kapadokya.
2. Do you know who scored Barcelona's first goal last night?
3. I have no idea when Francisco is going to move to Manta.
4. I want to know who brought this computer to the office.

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5. I wonder if / whether your new girlfriend smokes.
6. Could you tell me how many times Michael has been to Mexico?
7. I wonder if she sould play the guitar.
8. I don t remember what I was doing when the earthquake happened. ( As
an answer to the question )
9. I don t know if Jenny has moved to Cuenca.
10.I don t exactly remember what time the coordinator left the office.
Exercise No.7
1. so
2. neither
3. stand horror movies either
4. I am crazy about Ecuadorian desserts too.
5. so
6. I don't eat healthy food either.
7. So
8. Neither
Exercise No. 8
1. My sister loves chocolate. So do I.
2. Peter was late. So was Mary.
3. They can't speak Chinese. Neither can we.
4. Coffee keeps you awake. So does tea.
5. Sarah doesn't like coffee. Neither does Jane.
6. David's job isn't well paid. Neither is mine.
7. My parents would love to live by the sea. So would I.
8. Tom wouldn't like to lose his job. Neither would Peter.
9. Julie is interested in art. So am I.
10. Bill didn't understand the joke. Neither did his wife.

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43
BIBLIOGRAFIA RECOMENDADA
http://www.aprende-gratis.com/ingles/curso.php?lec=presente-simple
http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/omverbs/simplepresent.htm
Azar, B. (2009). Understanding and Using English Grammar. USA:
Longman
Fuchs, Bonner, Westheimer. ( 2000). Focus on Grammar. An
intermediate course for reference and practice. USA
LOTT, H. (2005) Real English Grammar. Marshall Cavendish Ltd.
Werner, P. (1998). A Communicative Grammar. Third Edition. USA:
Editorial McGraw-Hill
Werner, P. (1996) A Content-Based Grammar. Mosaic One. Third
Edition

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ANEXOS
LISTA DE ADJETIVOS + PREPOSICIONES / LIST
OF ADJECTIVES + PREPOSITIONS
A C
accustomed to
accused of
acquainted with
addicted to
annoyed about/with/at
allergic to
amazed at/by
anxious about
appreciated for
ashamed of
associated with
astonished at/by
aware of
angry with
afraid of
attached to
capable of
careful with/about/of
certain about
characteristic of
clever at
connected with
conscious of
content with
crazy about
crowded with
curious about
cruel to
B D
bad at
based on
beneficial to
boastful for
bored with
brilliant at
busy with
dissatisfied with
doubtful about
delighted at/about
derived from
different from
disappointed with
E F
eager for
eligible for
enthusiastic about
excellent in/at
excited about
faithful to
familiar with
famous for
fed up with
free of/from

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experienced in
exposed to
envious of
frightened of
friendly with
fond of
furious about
furnished with
full of
G H
generous with/about
guilty of/about
gentle with
good at
grateful to
happy about
hopeful of/about
I J
identical with/to
immune to
impressed with
inferior to
indifferent to
innocent of
interested in
involved with
incapable of
jealous of
K L
kind to
keen on
late for
limited to
lucky at
M O
nervous of/about
notorious for
opposed to
P S
patient with
pessimistic about
pleased with
polite to
popular with
sad about
safe from
satisfied with
scared of
sensitive to

UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
46
presented with
proud of
punished for
puzzled by/about
serious about
sick of
similar to
shocked by
skilful at
slow at
sorry for/about
successful in
suitable for
sure of/about
superior to
surprised at
suspicious of
sympathetic with
Q R
qualified for ready for
related to
relevant to
respectful for
responsible for
rid of
T U
terrible at
terrified of
tired of
thankful to/for
trilled with
troubled with
typical of
unaware of
upset about
used to
W
wrong with/about
worried about

Folleto gramatical 1_tercer_nivel_distancia

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