Initially, the Web was essentially perceived as a huge distributed library of linked pages, a worldwide documentary space for humans. In the mid-90s, with wikis and forums, the Web was re-opened in read-write mode and this paved the way to numerous new social media applications. The Web is now a space where three billions of users interact with billions of pages and numerous software. In parallel, extensions of the Web were developed and deployed to make it more and more machine friendly supporting the publication and consumption by software agents of worldwide linked data published on a semantic Web. As a result, the Web became a collaborative space for natural and artificial intelligence raising the problem of supporting these worldwide interactions. In particular, these hybrid communities require reconciling the formal semantics of computer science (e.g. logics, ontologies, typing systems, etc.) on which the Web architecture is built, with the soft semantics of people (e.g. posts, tags, status, etc.) on which the Web content is built. This talk will present some of the challenges and progresses in building this evolution of a Web toward a universal space to link many different kinds of intelligence.
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A Web Linking all Kinds of Intelligence - SophI.A Summit
1. A WEB LINKING
ALL KINDS OF INTELLIGENCE
Fabien GANDON
@fabien_gandon
http://fabien.info
Vice Head of Science of Inria Sophia Antipolis
Head of the Wimmics Lab. (Inria, UCA, CNRS, I3S)
W3C Advisory Committee representative for Inria
Director of QWANT-Inria Joint Laboratory
Leader of the Convention Ministry of Culture - Inria
2. the Web: this place where invisible brontobytes graze furiously
3. AI & IA
Web as the focal point of two fields born in the 50s
AI for Artificial Intelligence (McCarthy et al., 1955)
4. AI & IA
Web as the focal point of two fields born in the 50s
AI for Artificial Intelligence (McCarthy et al., 1955)
IA for Intelligence Amplification (Ashby, 1956) and
Intelligence Augmentation (Engelbart, 1962)
12. linked open data(sets) cloud on the Web
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
01/05/2007 08/10/2007 07/11/2007 10/11/2007 28/02/2008 31/03/2008 18/09/2008 05/03/2009 27/03/2009 14/07/2009 22/09/2010 19/09/2011 30/08/2014 26/01/2017
number of linked open datasets on the Web
24. QUERY & INFER
graph rules and queries
deontic reasoning
induction
CORESE
LICENTIA
INDUCTION
&
G2 H2
&
G1 H1
<
Gn Hn
RATIO4TA
predict &
explain
find missing
knowledge
deontic reasoning, license
compatibility and composition
abstract graph machine
STTL
[Hasan et al.]
[Tettamanzietal.]
[Villata et al.]
[Corby, Faron-Zucker et al.]
25. URI, IRI, URL, HTTP URI
DATA AND SCHEMATA ON THE WEB: A GROWING STACK
JSON
RDF
JSON LD
N-Triple
N-Quad
Turtle/N3
TriG
RDFS
OWL
SPARQL
XML
HTML
RDF XML
HTTP
Linked Data
CSV-LD R2RML
GRDDL
RDFa
SHACL
LDP
26. the Web as a universal space to link…
data, schemata, programs
38. ALOOF: robots learning by reading on the Web
First Object Relation Knowledge Base: 46212 co-mentions, 49 tools, 14 rooms, 101
“possible location” relations, 696 tuples <entity, relation, frame>
Evaluation: 100 domestic instruments, 20 rooms, 2000 crowdsourcing judgements
Shared between robots through a shared Web knowledge base
Annie cuts the bread in the kitchen with her knife dbp:Knife aloof:Location dbp:Kitchen
[Cabrio, Basile
et al. 2017]
39. PREDICT HOSPITALIZATION
Physician’s records classification
in order to predict hospitalization
[Gazzotti, Faron et al. 2017]
Sexe Date Cause CISP2 ... History Observations
H 25/04/2012 vaccin-antitétanique A44 ... Appendicite EN CP - Bon état général -
auscult pulm libre; bdc
rég sans souffle - tympans
ok-
Element Number
Patients
Consultations
Past medical history
Biometric data
Semiotics
Diagnosis
Row of prescribed drugs
Symptoms
Health care procedures
Additional examination
Paramedical prescription
Observations/notes
55 823
364 684
187 290
293 908
250 669
117 442
847 422
23 488
11 850
871 590
17 222
56 143
40. PREDICT HOSPITALIZATION
Physician’s records classification
in order to predict hospitalization
Augment data with structured
knowledge and study impact on
different prediction methods
[Gazzotti, Faron et al. 2017]
Sexe Date Cause CISP2 ... History Observations
H 25/04/2012 vaccin-antitétanique A44 ... Appendicite EN CP - Bon état général -
auscult pulm libre; bdc
rég sans souffle - tympans
ok-
Element Number
Patients
Consultations
Past medical history
Biometric data
Semiotics
Diagnosis
Row of prescribed drugs
Symptoms
Health care procedures
Additional examination
Paramedical prescription
Observations/notes
55 823
364 684
187 290
293 908
250 669
117 442
847 422
23 488
11 850
871 590
17 222
56 143
(1)
(2)
41. MonaLIA
reason & query on RDF metadata to build
balanced, unambiguous, labelled training sets.
350 000 images
of artworks
RDF metadata based
on external thesauri
Joconde database from French museums
[Bobasheva et al. 2017]
42. MonaLIA
reason & query on RDF metadata to build
balanced, unambiguous, labelled training sets.
transfer learning & CNN classifiers on targeted
categories (topics, techniques, etc.)
reason & query RDF metadata of results to
address silence, noise and explain
350 000 images
of artworks
RDF metadata based
on external thesauri
Joconde database from French museums
(1)
(2)
[Bobasheva et al. 2017]
animal
bird ?
painting
43. WEB EDGE AI
Edge AI directly in the browser
Web APIs, models, protocols,…
[WebML @ W3C]
44. the Web as a universal space to link…
data, schemata, programs, intelligence
51. the Web as a global blackboard
for artificial intelligence
all kinds of
52. WIMMICSVice Head of Science of Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée
Head of the Wimmics Lab. (Inria, UCA, CNRS, I3S)
W3C Advisory Committee representative for Inria
Director of QWANT-Inria Joint Laboratory
Leader of the Convention Ministry of Culture – Inria
Web-instrumented man-machine interactions, communities and semantics
Fabien Gandon - @fabien_gandon - http://fabien.info
he who controls metadata, controls the web
and through the world-wide web many things in our world.
http://bit.ly/wimmics-papers