provision of special needs in air transport policy by bachelor aviation management

1. AIRTRANSPORT POLICY:
THE PROVISION FOR
SPECIAL NEEDS
MUHAMMAD AKMAL BIN ZAINAL 53276113085
MUHAMMAD HAFIZ ARIFF BIN ZULKEFLI 53276113207
MUHAMMAD IZZUDDIN BIN MUSTAFA 53276113029
FIKRI AIMAN BIN DIMSHARI 53276113071
NUR FATIN BINTI AHMAD 53276113119

2. WHAT IS DISABILITY?
• Disability is a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s
movements, senses or activities. They also can be called as handicap,
incapacity, impairment, defect and abnormality.
• This symptom of the human being should be protect their right instead they
are special, they need the specific of care and guidance to serve them as a
normal human being.
• In aviation industry, the CAA and FAA were implement the term and
condition for treating the special needs with a provision. Besides IATA and
ICAO also implement recommendation to help the special needs without
problem in air transportation.

3. HOW MANYTYPES ARETHEY?
• There are three types of disability in term and condition in the provision of
the special needs:
1) Poor
a) Poor in health – maternity, diseases such as diabetes mellitus, heart attack etc.
b) Poor in wealth – insufficient fund to purchase.
2) Elderly – a group of golden ages of human more than 55 years old.
3) Disabled – a group that have problem on the physical and mental disorder.

4. Where the provision of the special need took
place in aviation industry?
• The provision for special needs does not have any specific place to take in
action but it always happen in surrounding environment which any
responsible team must ensure the special needs got their rights in airlines
services, facilities and others possible services such as MEDIF form, wheel
chair, aerobridge and etc.
• This provision also ensure the any airlines must obey the law and term and
condition that they serve to people who need a special needs. However,
some airlines take as benefit to make profit by adding extra charges to the
special needs that disobey the law and conditions mostly the low- cost
carrier, they wont provided the services FOC for the special needs instead
making profit among them.

5. Who are aware and care about special needs
plight? Do they care about them?
• The mostly the local government most concern about the special needs.
They also establish the ‘OKU cards’ to help them to get special prices and
services from any distribution of the facilities and transportation.
• After getting high concerns by local government, the society nowadays
started to concern about the special needs by establish a member club for
gain sympathy rather than fully sincerely to help the special needs.

6. When

7. Comparison between Low-cost carrier
Malindo Air
• A person who apply the booking ticket must
declare if they have disability or special needs.
• A person who need special needs booking a
ticket without notify the customer services
cannot affort the special needs assistant
through their services provider.
• It all be notice inside the Malindo Air in term
and conditions of disability.
Air Asia
• A person need special needs must notify the customer
service that they need to request for assistant on their
disability.
• Most of the charges apply in term and conditions of
AirAsia sdn bhd for special needs facilities.
• More detail please contact the customer services
department to notice about assistant for special needs.
• No disability provided in term and condition. If
necessary must pay extra charges.

8. Malindo Air:Term and Conditions
• 1. A Passenger with a disability requiring any special assistance should inform the Carrier at the
time of his or her booking of his or her special needs.The Carrier will carry such a Passenger
where arrangements have been made to provide for that Passenger's special needs. If such a
Passenger does not inform the Carrier at the time of booking of his or her special needs, the
Carrier will nevertheless use reasonable efforts to accommodate that Passenger's special needs.
Passengers with disabilities who have advised the Carrier of any special requirements they may
have at the time of booking, and been accepted by the Carrier, shall not subsequently be refused
carriage on the basis of such disability or special requirements, but the Carrier's regulations or
government regulations may apply to the transportation of such Passengers.
• 2.The Carrier may require that a Passenger with a disability travels with his or her own Assistant
if it is essential for safety or that Passenger is unable to assist in his or her evacuation of the
aircraft or is unable to understand safety instructions.
• 3.The Carrier will refuse to transport, or will remove at any point, any Passenger whose actions
or inactions prove to the Carrier that his or her mental or physical condition is such as to render
him incapable of caring for him or herself without assistance, unless he or she is accompanied by
an Assistant who will be responsible for caring for him or her en route and, with the care of such
an Assistant, he or she will not require unreasonable attention or assistance from the air crew.

9. • 4.The Carrier reserves the right to require a medical clearance from medical
authorities if travel involves any unusual risk or hazard to the Passenger or
to other persons (including, in cases of pregnant Passengers, unborn
children).
• 5. Passengers with a disability will not be permitted to occupy seats in
designated emergency exit rows or in over-wing emergency exit rows.
• 6.The Carrier reserves the right to cease accepting Passengers who must
travel on a stretcher on any flight.
• 7.The Carrier will not refuse to carry passenger wheelchairs or other
disability-assistive devices, unless such carriage would be inconsistent with
safety or safety requirements. In addition to the regular free baggage
allowance, the Carrier will accept such passenger wheelchairs or other
disability-assistive devices as priority checked baggage without charge.

10. ICAO: Provision of special needs
ICAO Recommended Practices relating to Persons with Disabilities
• (as contained in Chapter 8 of Annex 9 - Facilitation to the Convention on International Civil Aviation)
• I. General
• 8.22 Recommended Practice.- When travelling, persons with disabilities should be provided with special
assistance in order to ensure that they receive services customarily available to the general public. Such assistance
includes the offering of information and directions in media that can be understood by travellers with cognitive or
sensory disabilities.
• 8.23 Recommended Practice.- Contracting States should cooperate with a view to taking the necessary
measures to make accessible to persons with disabilities all the elements of the chain of the person's journey, from
beginning to end.
• 8.24 Recommended Practice.- Contracting States should take the necessary steps with airlines, airports and
ground handling operators to establish minimum uniform standards of accessibility with respect to transportation
services for persons with disabilities, from arrival at the airport of departure to leaving the airport of destination.
• 8.25 Recommended Practice.- Contracting States should take the necessary steps with airlines, airports, ground
handling operators and travel agencies to ensure that persons with disabilities are given the information they need,
and should take the necessary steps to ensure that airlines, air ports, ground handling operators and travel agencies
are in a position to give those passengers the assistance necessary for them, depending on their needs, to help
them in their travel.
• 8.26 Recommended Practice.- Contracting States should take all necessary steps to secure the cooperation of
operators, airports and ground handling operators in order to establish and coordinate training programmes to
ensure that trained personnel are available to assist persons with disabilities.

11. • II. Access to airports
• 8.28 Recommended Practice.- Contracting States should ensure that lifting systems or any other appropriate devices are made available in order to
facilitate the movement of elderly and disabled passengers between the aircraft and the terminal on both arrival and departure as required where telescopic
passageways are not used.
• 8.29 Recommended Practice.-Measures should betaken to ensure that the hearing- and visionimpaired are able to obtain flight information.
• 8.30 Recommended Practice.- For elderly and disabled persons being set down or picked up at a terminal building, reserved points should be located as
close as possible to main entrances. To facilitate movement to the various areas of the airport, access routes should be free of obstacles.
• 8.31 Recommended Practice.- Where access to public services is limited, every effort should be made to provide accessible and reasonably priced
ground transportation services by adapting current and planned public transit systems or by providing special transport services for people with mobility
needs.
• 8.32 Recommended Practice.- Adequate parking facilities should be provided for people with mobility needs and appropriate measures taken to
facilitate their movement between parking areas and the terminal buildings.
• 8.33 Recommended Practice.- Direct transfer from one aircraft to another of passengers, particularly elderly and disabled passengers, should be
authorized, where necessary and possible, whenever this is warranted by deadlines in making connecting flights or by other circumstances.
• III. Access to air services
• 8.35 Recommended Practice.- Contracting States should introduce provisions by which aircraft coming newly into service or after major refurbishment
should conform to minimum uniform standards of accessibility with respect to equipment on board aircraft which would include movable armrests, on-
board wheelchairs, lavatories and suitable lighting and signs.
• 8.36 Recommended Practice.- Wheelchairs, special apparatus and equipment required by persons with disabilities should be carried free of charge in
the cabin where, in the view of the airline, space and safety requirements permit or should be designated as priority baggage. Service animals accompanying
passengers with disabilities should also be carried free of charge in the cabin, subject to the application of any relevant national or airline regulations.
• 8.37 Recommended Practice.- In principle, persons with disabilities should be permitted to determine whether or not they need an escort and to travel
without the requirement for a medical clearance. However, advance notice should be mandatory where assistance or lifting is required. Airlines should only
be permitted to require passengers with disabilities to obtain a medical clearance in cases of medical condition where it is clear that their safety or well-
being or that of other passengers cannot be guaranteed. Furthermore, airlines should only be permitted to require an escort when it is clear that a person
with disabilities is not self-reliant and, as such, the safety or well-being of that person or that of another passenger cannot be guaranteed.
• 8.38 Recommended Practice.- If the presence of an escort is required, Contracting States should encourage airlines to offer discounts for the carriage of
that accompanying person.

12. Malaysia Airlines: Provision of special needs
• Information and services for flying with a disability
I. Upon ticket reservation
II. Passengers with walking disabilities
III. Passengers with sight disabilities
IV. Passengers on stretchers
V. Diabetics
VI. Unfit for air travel
VII.Assistance for incapacitated passengers
VIII.Special meal requests - Religious meals
IX. Travelling with medicines
X. Travelling while pregnant

13. • Upon ticket reservation
• To ensure that your needs are met with utmost care, it is important that you inform our service staff of
your disability or that of your charge’s upon ticket reservation so that we can help you make all the
arrangements necessary.
• Passengers with walking disabilities
• Depending on your/your charge’s mobility level, special arrangements can be made for your flight –
particularly with regard to seating. Most international airports are wheelchair-friendly, with ease of
access to common facilities. Should you need additional on-ground or in-flight support, please contact
our service staff for further assistance.
• Passengers with certain physical handicaps may qualify for rebates on flights within Malaysia (except for
flights on MASwings and promotional fares).They will need to present their OKU (Orang Kurang Upaya)
identification cards to Malaysia Airlines prior to issuance of tickets.
• Passengers with sight disabilities
• Passengers with sight disabilities who present their OKU (Orang Kurang Upaya) identification cards
upon ticket reservation enjoy a special rebate on flights within Malaysia (except for flights on
MASwings and promotional fares).
• Passengers on stretchers
• Depending on aircraft space available and the severity of the passenger’s condition, Malaysia Airlines
accommodates certain stretcher cases – although subject to strict guidelines and procedures. Please
contact our service staff for more information should you have any queries.
• Stretcher cases must always be accompanied by a medically qualified personnel unless prior exemption has
been obtained from the company’s doctor.The accompanying passenger is also to look after the stretcher
case passenger’s toilet needs

14. • Diabetics
• If you are diabetic, you are advised to have additional supplies of insulin or tablet
medication, spare needles or syringes readily available in your hand baggage in case of
breakages or delays en-route. For that, you will need to have a doctor’s authorisation to
confirm you are insulin dependent.
• As diets for diabetics vary considerably, please inform us at least a day in advance of your
meal requirements.
• Medical clearance
• The following travellers generally need medical clearance by their own doctors or the
MalaysiaAirlines Medical Services Department before flying:
• Acute asthmatics
• Expectant mothers approaching 35 weeks (international travel) or 36 weeks (domestic travel) of
pregnancy*
• Elderly passengers (not accompanied by any family member)
• Infants in incubators
• Newborn babies within the first 7 days of birth or premature birth
• Passengers on stretchers
• Passengers suffering from leprosy (muscles weakness)

15. • Assistance for incapacitated passengers
• Incapacitated passengers are those who, because of their medical, physical or mental condition
require individual attention which is not normally provided to other passengers. This attention may
be required on embarking, disembarking, in-flight, in an emergency evacuation and/or during
ground handling.
• Some incapacitated passengers may have permanent but stable disabilities, e.g. arthritis,
deafness, blindness, or paralysis of all or part of the body. Others may have temporary disabilities
such as recent surgery, broken limbs, or recent illness which requires them to be on a stretcher or
wheelchair.
• Not all incapacitated passengers require medical clearance before being accepted for travel.
However, passengers with the following incapacities and/or disabilities must be subject to medical
clearance by our Medical Services Department before being accepted for travel:
 Those suffering from any disease believed to be actively contagious and communicable.
 Those who, because of certain diseases or incapacitations, may have or may develop unusual
behaviours or physical conditions which could have an adverse effect on the welfare and comfort
of other passengers and/or crew members.
 Those who can be considered to be a potential hazard to the safety or punctuality of the flight
including possible diversion and unscheduled landing.
 Those who would require medical attention and/or special equipment to maintain their health
during the flight.
 Those who may have their medical condition aggravated during or because of the flight.

16. Special meal request
• Religious meals
• Hindu Meal (HNML)
 For passengers wishing to follow Hindu customs.
 This is a non-vegetarian meal which does not contain any beef, veal, pork or raw/smoked fish.
 However, lamb, poultry, fish and milk products may be used.
 If you require a vegetarian Hindu meal, a request for AVML should be made.
• Muslim Meal (MOML)
 All foods served on Malaysia Airlines is halal.
 MOML need not be specially requested for Malaysia Airlines flights. Muslim passengers flying with
our codeshare and oneworld partners are advised to request for Muslim Meals (MOML).
 The use of alcohol, pork and pig by-products in cooking is prohibited.
 Meat such as beef, lamb and chicken are slaughtered according to Muslim rites.
• Kosher Meal (KSML)
 Kosher meals conform to Jewish religious laws.
 Our Kosher Meals are prepared and packed by Kosher-certified manufacturers.
 KSML is not available on certain flights from India, Middle East, Taiwan and ASEAN.

17. • Medical meals
• Bland Meal (BLML)
 For passengers suffering from stomach or gastrointestinal problems.
 This meal does not contain highly seasoned and fried foods.
• Diabetic Meal (DBML)
 For diabetic passengers.
 This meal does not have added sugars.
• Gluten Intolerant Meal (GFML)
 For gluten intolerant passengers unable to consume foods which contain gluten.
 May contain meat, poultry, fish, rice, potato and dairy products.
• Low Calorie Meal (LCML)
 For passengers wishing to follow a calorie-restricted diet.
 May have increased complex carbohydrates, high fibre and low fat.
• Low Fat Meal (LFML)
 For passengers wishing to follow a fat-restricted diet.
 This meal is prepared using lean cuts of meat, poultry or fish, low fat dairy products and is low in saturated fatty acids.
• Low Lactose Meal (NLML)
 For lactose-intolerant passengers.
 Dairy products are not used during meal preparation.
• Low Salt Meal (LSML)
 For passengers wishing to follow a sodium-restricted diet.
 This meal does not have added salt.

18. • Vegetarian meals
• Vegetarian Vegan Meal (VGML)
 For passengers on a strict vegan diet.
 It does not contain any products from animal sources, dairy, eggs, honey, onion and garlic.
• Vegetarian Lacto-Ovo Meal (VLML)
 For passengers on a vegetarian diet.
 It does not contain meat, fish, poultry.
 However, dairy and eggs may be used.
• Vegetarian Hindu Meal (AVML)
 For passengers who require a Hindu vegetarian diet.
 It is a spicy vegetarian meal with limited use of dairy products.
 It does not contain meat, poultry, fish and eggs.
• Vegetarian Oriental Meal (VOML)
 This is a vegetarian meal prepared in the Chinese or Oriental style.
 It does not contain any products from animal sources, dairy, eggs, onion and garlic.
• Vegetarian Jain Meal (VJML)
 For passengers on a strict Jain vegetarian diet.
 This meal is prepared Indian style and according to Jain customs.
 It does not contain any products from animal sources, dairy, eggs, and root/bulbous vegetables.
• Fruit Platter Meal (FPML)
 For passengers wishing to eat a meal with no additives/preservatives.
 This meal is prepared from fruits only.
• Vegetarian Raw Meal (RVML)
 For raw vegetable vegetarians.
 This meal is a combination of raw fruit and vegetables only.

19. • Children meals
• Child Meal (CHML)
• For children between 2 to 12 years old.
• The meal is a combination of easy to chew foods as well as several food items in individual
wrappings.
• Baby Meal (BBML)
• For children up to 2 years old.
• Commercially prepared baby foods are usually boarded with choices of vegetables or fruits.
• Other special meals
• Seafood Meal (SFML)
• Passenger preference.
• This meal may contain fish and/or seafood prepared according to local specifications.
• Does not contain meat or poultry.
• Special Meal (SPML)
• For passengers who have other medical or religious requirements not stated in the list
above, you may include specific details of ingredients to be avoided.

20. Allergic: Poor of health
• MalaysiaAirlines strongly recommends that passengers who are allergic to peanuts check
their fitness to fly with their physician before travelling. In addition, passengers who are
allergic to peanuts should:
• Bring their own medication and wear a medical alert bracelet;
• Inform their travelling companion (if any) of how to administer treatment if required;
• If they are a minor, travel with a companion who is sensitive to their medical needs;
• Bring their own food items that do not require chilling or reheating on board (keeping in mind that the
food must not violate quarantine laws at the relevant destination point);
• Bring their own sanitizing wipes to wipe down armrests, meal trays and seat back areas;
• Purchase travel insurance which covers anaphylaxis and any other relevant severe allergic reactions;
• Alert an Malaysia Airlines staff member (on the ground or on board) upon feeling the symptoms of an
allergic reaction; and
• Inform onward sector carriers of their travelling requirements.

25. Type of travelling in PD
• Travelling with medicines
• You are advised to carry your medication in your hand luggage, in case you need it. You should also carry a
copy of the prescription or a supporting written statement from your doctor in case the medication is lost,
additional supplies are needed or security or custom checks require proof that it is for personal use.
• Travelling while pregnant
• If you are travelling during pregnancy, you will require a letter from your doctor stating the duration of
pregnancy and any risk factors. The following are periods not recommended for women to travel:
 After 32nd week of pregnancy for those with multiple pregnancies (e.g. twins).
 After 35th week of pregnancy for international flights.
 After 36th week of pregnancy for domestic sectors.
 Until seven days after delivery.

26. • Travelling with own medical equipment
• Medical clearance is required for the use of most medical equipment onboard to confirm that you are fit to fly and to ensure that the medical
equipment does not interrupt the avionics of the aircraft. All personal medical equipment should have sufficient battery power to last one and
a half times the journey length (150% travel time). Only dry cell or gel batteries are permitted onboard for safety reasons.
• All medical equipment that needs to be used onboard will require a Medical Information Form (MEDIF). The MEDIF application form should be
completed by your attending doctor and submitted to Malaysia Airlines through our ticketing offices or travel agents at least five working days
before the intended date of travel.
• Approved portable oxygen concentrators (POCs) are permitted on board for use during your flight provided a MEDIF application form has been
submitted and approved. These do not count towards your carry-on baggage limit. All medical equipment to be used on board will require
medical clearance.
• The passenger who plans to use the device must provide a written statement signed by a licensed doctor that verifies the passenger's ability to
operate the device, respond to any alarms, the extent to which the passenger must use the POC (all or a portion of the flight), and prescribes
the maximum oxygen flow rate required.
• All POCs approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) will be accepted onboard. Currently approved POC models are:
 AirSep FreeStyle
 AirSep LifeStyle
 Delphi Central Air
 Devilbiss iGo
 Inogen One
 Inogen One G2
 International Biophysics LifeChoice
 Invacare Solo2
 Phillips Respironics EverGo
 SeQual Eclipse
 Oxlife Independence

27. • Oxygen
• Should there be a need for supplemental oxygen during your travel as
advised by your doctor, you are required to make the necessary booking at
least five working days before your intended date of travel.
• Malaysia Airlines provides two kinds of oxygen flow onboard: two
litres/minute (which can last 180 minutes) and seven litres/minute (which lasts
90 minutes). Currently we are able to provide continuous oxygen flow only for
domestic travel; on international sectors, oxygen can only be provided on a
standby basis and is subject to availability.
• Kindly download the MEDIF application form and ask your physician to fill it
up and submit it to your nearest Malaysia Airlines ticketing office or travel
agent. Malaysia Airlines charges for oxygen supplied on international flights.

28. • Stress, fatigue and jet lag
• Jet lag refers to the disruption of sleep patterns and other circadian rhythms, which result from
abrupt changes in time zones. Jet lag may lead to insomnia, indigestion, reduced physical and
mental performance and general malaise. The adverse effects of jet lag can be reduced by the
use of effective measures. Some of these measures include:
 Be well rested before departure and rest as much as possible during the flight. Ensure that
you have as much sleep as possible for every 24 hour cycle when travelling, as you would at
home and use opportunities to take short naps regularly. In the case of short trips, it may
not always be appropriate to adjust to local time – if in doubt, seek specialist advice.
 Wear loose comfortable clothing.
 Drink plenty of water and/or juices before and throughout the flight.
 Eat light meals. Limit your consumption of tea, coffee and alcohol both before and during
the flight.
 Upon arrival, some may find it beneficial to use short-acting sleeping pills to facilitate the
adjustment of sleep patterns. However, use these only under medical supervision and
ensure that they have been tried and tested at home before you use them on your trip.
 Stay out in the natural daylight or in brightly lit areas to help adjust more quickly to the time
zone of the destination.
• Travellers who take medication on a strict schedule (e.g. insulin, contraceptive pills) should seek
medical advice.

29. Conclusion about provision for special needs