2. Theory
● Model of development
○ Four distinct stages
○ Depicts the development of regions during a sustained
period of economic growth
● Core - areas at the heart
of economic activity
● Periphery - exploitation
and source of raw materials
for core regions
3. Stage 1 (Pre-Industrial)
● All the places are peripheral.
● Places are isolated (Like these bullet points)
● No Interaction between places
4. Stage 2 (Transitional)
● Development of a core
● Interaction between places
● Development of basic Technology
5. Stage 3 (Industrial)
● Growth Centers (Between the core and
peripheral) develop
● Stable increase in economy
● More Advanced technology
6. Stage 4 (Post Industrial)
● All places are self sufficient
● Major interactions
● Reduce in inequality
7. Example: South Africa
Stage 3 (Industrial)
● Southern Regions and regions close to
Johannesburg
● Industry and manufacturing
● Office buildings (financial hub)
● Major roads and airports
● Towns have electricity and are all connected
8. Stage 1:
● Northwestern regions
● Undeveloped and isolated villages
● Subsistence agriculture
● Indigenous population isolated from tech.
● Rudimentary roads
9. Strengths
● Good Representation
● Simple
● Realistic/Reasonable
● Easy to understand
10. Weaknesses
● Too General
● Does not focus on all aspects of
development, (Environmental, Social etc.)
● Focuses mainly on economic input
● Stages two and three are similar