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Redes
Neurais
Artificiais
Everton Gago
Como vai ser?
O que é RNA?
Conglomerado
de neurônios!?!?
Neurônio:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Neurônio:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Entradas:
X0 = 0
X1 = 1
X2 = 1
Neurônio:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Entradas:
X0 = 0
X1 = 1
X2 = 1
Pesos:
W0 = 0.3
W1 = 0.1
W2 = 0.6
Neurônio:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Entradas:
X0 = 0
X1 = 1
X2 = 1
Pesos:
W0 = 0.3
W1 = 0.1
W2 = 0.6
SIGMA (função de soma):
U = (X0 * W0) + (X1 * W1) + (X2 * W2)
U = 0 + 0.1 + 0.6
U = 0.7
Neurônio:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Entradas:
X0 = 0
X1 = 1
X2 = 1
Pesos:
W0 = 0.3
W1 = 0.1
W2 = 0.6
SIGMA (função de soma):
U = (X0 * W0) + (X1 * W1) + (X2 * W2)
U = 0 + 0.1 + 0.6
U = 0.7
F. Transf. (Y):
SE (U > 0.5)
Y = 1.0
SENAO
Y = 0.0
Rede Neural:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Como essa
“jossa”
funciona?
#Fase 1: Treinar
#Fase 2:
Classificar
Treinar:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Entradas:
X0 = 0
X1 = 1
X2 = 1
Pesos:
W0 = 0.3
W1 = 0.1
W2 = 0.6
SIGMA (função de soma):
U = (X0 * W0) + (X1 * W1) + (X2 * W2)
U = 0 + 0.1 + 0.6
U = 0.7
F. Transf. (Y):
SE (U > 0.5)
Y = 1.0
SENAO
Y = 0.0
Treinar:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Entradas:
X0 = 0
X1 = 1
X2 = 1
Pesos:
W0 = 0.3
W1 = 0.1
W2 = 0.6
SIGMA (função de soma):
U = (X0 * W0) + (X1 * W1) + (X2 * W2)
U = 0 + 0.1 + 0.6
U = 0.7
F. Transf. (Y):
SE (U > 0.5)
Y = 1.0
SENAO
Y = 0.0
X0 X1 X2 S. Esperada
0 1 1 0
1 1 1 1
Treinar:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Entradas:
X0 = 0
X1 = 1
X2 = 1
Pesos:
W0 = 0.3
W1 = 0.1
W2 = 0.6
SIGMA (função de soma):
U = (X0 * W0) + (X1 * W1) + (X2 * W2)
U = 0 + 0.1 + 0.6
U = 0.7
F. Transf. (Y):
SE (U > 0.5)
Y = 1.0
SENAO
Y = 0.0
X0 X1 X2 S. Esperada
0 1 1 0
1 1 1 1
Treinar:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Entradas:
X0 = 0
X1 = 1
X2 = 1
Pesos:
W0 = 0.3
W1 = 0.1
W2 = 0.6
SIGMA (função de soma):
U = (X0 * W0) + (X1 * W1) + (X2 * W2)
U = 0 + 0.1 + 0.6
U = 0.7
F. Transf. (Y):
SE (U > 0.5)
Y = 1.0
SENAO
Y = 0.0
X0 X1 X2 S. Esperada
0 1 1 0
1 1 1 1
Erro
0 – 1 = -1
Treinar:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Entradas:
X0 = 1
X1 = 1
X2 = 1
Pesos:
W0 = 0.3
W1 = 0.1
W2 = 0.6
SIGMA (função de soma):
U = (X0 * W0) + (X1 * W1) + (X2 * W2)
U = 0.3 + 0.1 + 0.6
U = 1
F. Transf. (Y):
SE (U > 0.5)
Y = 1.0
SENAO
Y = 0.0
X0 X1 X2 S. Esperada
0 1 1 0
1 1 1 1
Erro
0 – 1 = -1
Treinar:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Entradas:
X0 = 1
X1 = 1
X2 = 1
Pesos:
W0 = 0.3
W1 = 0.1
W2 = 0.6
SIGMA (função de soma):
U = (X0 * W0) + (X1 * W1) + (X2 * W2)
U = 0.3 + 0.1 + 0.6
U = 1
F. Transf. (Y):
SE (U > 0.5)
Y = 1.0
SENAO
Y = 0.0
X0 X1 X2 S. Esperada
0 1 1 0
1 1 1 1
Erro
0 – 1 = -1
1 – 1 = 0
A rede acertou
50%
Mexer nos
pesos!
Treinar:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Entradas:
X0 = 0
X1 = 1
X2 = 1
Pesos:
W0 = 0.3
W1 = 0.1
W2 = 0.6
SIGMA (função de soma):
U = (X0 * W0) + (X1 * W1) + (X2 * W2)
U = 0 + 0.1 + 0.6
U = 0.7
F. Transf. (Y):
SE (U > 0.5)
Y = 1.0
SENAO
Y = 0.0
X0 X1 X2 S. Esperada
0 1 1 0
1 1 1 1
Treinar:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Entradas:
X0 = 0
X1 = 1
X2 = 1
Pesos:
W0 = 0.1
W1 = 0.2
W2 = 0.3
SIGMA (função de soma):
U = (X0 * W0) + (X1 * W1) + (X2 * W2)
U = 0 + 0.2 + 0.3
U = 0.5
F. Transf. (Y):
SE (U > 0.5)
Y = 1.0
SENAO
Y = 0.0
X0 X1 X2 S. Esperada
0 1 1 0
1 1 1 1
Erro
0 – 0 = 0
Treinar:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Entradas:
X0 = 1
X1 = 1
X2 = 1
Pesos:
W0 = 0.1
W1 = 0.2
W2 = 0.3
SIGMA (função de soma):
U = (X0 * W0) + (X1 * W1) + (X2 * W2)
U = 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.3
U = 0.6
F. Transf. (Y):
SE (U > 0.5)
Y = 1.0
SENAO
Y = 0.0
X0 X1 X2 S. Esperada
0 1 1 0
1 1 1 1
Erro
0 – 0 = 0
1 – 1 = 0
Rede Neural:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Como fica?
Neurônio
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Rede Neural:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Camada
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Rede Neural:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Rede Neural
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Exemplo de
utilização
Classificar perfil
de risco
Perfil de risco:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
SEXO IDADE E. CIVIL USA P/ TRABALHAR FILHOS
M JOVEM SOL SIM NAO
M ADULTO SOL SIM NAO
F ADULTO CAS SIM SIM
M IDOSO CAS NAO SIM
F JOVEM SOL SIM NAO
M JOVEM CAS SIM SIM
F IDOSO CAS NAO SIM
Perfil de risco:
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
SEXO IDADE E. CIVIL USA P/ TRABALHAR FILHOS RISCO
0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0.5 0 1 0 1
1 0.5 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 0
Código
Case: Portal de
vagas.
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Case: Como treinar?
- Não existia volume suficiente de dados para treinamento;
● Definimos um conjunto de regras “estáticas” para relacionar os candidatos e
as vagas de emprego. Atribuímos um peso para cada informação do
currículo do candidato.
● Também adicionamos um “fator de relevância”, que crescia de acordo o
“feedback” dos usuários. Essa informação foi utilizada para calcular a
“similaridade / aderência” do candidato a vaga.
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Case: Como treinar?
Resultados
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Case: Resultados
● No início o sistema se baseava em regras estáticas para recomendação,
após um período de uso passou a recomendar candidatos de acordo com
as subjetividades / critérios de cada empresa;
● Trouxe mais agilidade e assertividade ao processo de contratação.
● Mesmo que as subjetividades / critérios de contratação mudem, o sistema
será capaz de se adaptar ao novo cenário.
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Cuidados:
● Treinamento:
● Treinamento on-line nem sempre é possível;
● Algumas API's não oferecem acesso ao conhecimento da rede neural
(vetores), neste caso é preciso serializar objetos para o repositório de
dados;
● Importante separar seu conjunto de dados entre treino e teste (Cross
Validation). Essa é uma forma de avaliar a capacidade de generalização
da rede neural;
● Tuning:
● Eliminar redundâncias do conjunto de treino;
● Algumas API's não permitem “parametrizar” variáveis internas do
algoritmo, que poderiam melhorar o desempenho e performance.
Redes Neurais Artificiais.
Conclusões:
● Seu sistema pode começar com regras “estáticas” e “aprender” com os
usuários, dando mais relevância às regras “aprendidas”.
● O “treinamento contínuo” trazido pelos mecanismos de feedback permite
que as aplicações acompanhem as tendências / mudanças do negócio. Isso
aumenta a efetividade do sistema e diminui o número de “chamados” ao TI
para acrescentar “regrinhas” :)
● API's são estáveis bem documentadas, no entanto você pode “sofrer” com a
falta de parametrização e o acesso aos dados internos do algoritmo.
● A escolha do algoritmo de aprendizado de máquina não precisa se restringir
às RNA. Existem outros algoritmos com melhor performance em problemas
específicos.
Obrigado!
Devcamp 2015

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Devcamp 2015