A failed transmission vacuum modulator can cause several issues that may indicate it needs replacing. The vacuum modulator ensures proper gear shifting by sensing engine load and signaling the transmission. A faulty one will illuminate the check engine light and cause shifting problems as it no longer allows the transmission to shift gears properly based on load. Other signs are poor engine performance issues like less power, acceleration problems, and decreased fuel economy as the vacuum leak disrupts the EGR system and causes excessive emissions from the car. If any of these signs are noticed, the transmission vacuum modulator should be checked immediately.