15th Conference of the OIE Regional Commission for the Middle East 10-14 November 2019 Abu Dhabi UAE Presentations\2019\OIE AbuDhabi 10-14 Nov 2019

1. Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for
Efficient Sustainable Animal Health Systems
and Veterinary Services
Bouda Vosough Ahmadi
The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD) of the
Agriculture and Food Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
15th Conference of the OIE Regional Commission for the Middle East
10-14 November 2019
Abu Dhabi UAE

2. Outline
 Background
 Typology
 An overview of PPPs in the Middle East
 An overview from the 8th WE FMD RMM
 Challenges and gaps
 Opportunities
 The way forward
 Conclusions
 References & appendices

3. Rationale
Investments are required to
unleash the potential of
agriculture to achieve sustainable
development goals (SDGs) but
public budget is limited
Hence, innovative partnerships
that bring together business,
government and civil society actors
are increasingly being promoted
for pooling much-needed financing
and collaborations

4. UN Secretary General’s call for engagement
The United Nations Secretary-
General, António Guterres
calls to engage business
leaders in the challenge of
financing the SDGs.
Development finance needs
are estimated to be trillions of
dollars per year, and even if
public sector funding was
maximized, there would still
be a significant shortfall.

5.  Animal disease
control
contributes to
various SDGs
 OIE is responsible
for improving
animal health &
welfare
worldwide
Context
 OIE PPP initiative: to support Member Countries to develop, if and when
relevant, sustainable Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) to strengthen
Veterinary Services

6. BACKGROUND TO THE OIE PPP INITIATIVE

7.  2016: OIE began a 3-year initiative on PPPs, in collaboration with
the French Research Institute for Agricultural Development
(CIRAD); funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
 2017: Resolution #39 at OIE 85thGS; and an on-line survey of
public and private partners: 97 PPP success stories from 76
countries
 2018: Brochure and typology released at 86thGS; Expert
consultation, with 42 international public and private experts
PPP impact assessment on case examples
 2019: The «OIE PPP Handbook» of guidelines released at the
87thGS; E-learning modules; 3 regional workshops in Africa and
Asia to disseminate guidelines; PPP is integrated into the new
PVS Pathway as a targeted support activities
 And beyond: further training activities, creating a PPP community
of practice, etc.
The OIE PPP Initiative

8. www.oie.int/
publicprivate
partnerships
The OIE PPP Handbook

9.  Collaboration between OIE & EuFMD
 Freely available: https://elearning-ppp.oie.int
The OIE PPP e-Learning Course

10. TYPOLOGY OF PPP

11. Research led by the OIE has shown that PPPs
typically fall into one of the following three broad
categories:
Transactional
TransformativeCollaborative
collaborative
Transformative
Transactional
PPP in veterinary domain

12. AN OVERVIEW OF PPPS IN THE MIDDLE EAST

13. OIE 2017 Survey
 A large survey among its 181 Member Countries and recorded
close to 100 success stories of PPPs in the field of veterinary
services, reported by both public and private partners
 The analysis also identified the benefits, key success factors
and main obstacles in each of the PPP cases
 In the ME region, 6 of the 20 member countries targeted
responded to the questionnaire
 Examples from four countries presented

14. Afghanistan
 The public sector is engaging private
veterinary paraprofessionals for the
national control of PPR (Peste des
Petits Ruminants) and other
diseases.
 Formalized through Letters of
Agreement and legislation, has
resulted in 12.5 million sheep and
goats vaccinated against PPR from
the pastoralist community and info
generated on health and production
 Provides additional income to 358
private sector service providers,
ensuring sustainability.
PPR vaccination of Kuchi flocks in Afghanistan © Arif Noori
Source: OIE Bulletin

15. Success factors & challenges
 The key success factors:
o Good collaborative relationship in providing value for money
service; on-time and speedy collection of samples
 The main areas for improvement are:
o Uncertainty of funding
o Security of the country
o Quantity of vaccines and proper storage
o Lack of well-trained staff, awareness & diagnostic laboratories

16. Cyprus
 Mass vaccination bluetongue since 2017
 Vaccine purchased and stored by
Veterinary Authority; vaccination
conducted by authorized private vets;
information recorded & provided to VA
 Private sector conduct vaccination, paid
by farmers covers costs (except vaccine)
 The private sector partners are private
veterinarians, cattle, sheep and goat
farmers.
 The sustainability of PPP is ensured
through a Ministerial Ordinance

17. Success factors & challenges
 The main success factors of this PPP are:
o Expertise and experience of the private sector
o Speed of implementation.
 The main areas of improvements are:
o Financial constraints
o Lack of effective communication between the stakeholders
involved

18. Kuwait
 A PPP on implementation and monitoring of
animal health activities carried out by private
veterinary service providers under Veterinary
Law No. 1964 of Kuwait
 Diseases targeted are bovine tuberculosis &
brucellosis & other notifiable diseases
 Public partner is the Public Authority of
Agriculture Affairs and Fish Resources of Kuwait.
Public funds are channeled through the Ministry
of Finance; no private funding is being used Source: getty images.
 Examples of private sector activity include: animal health and husbandry activities such as
detection of diseases, and vaccination and treatment of animals in the field.
 The private sector is represented by private contracting companies of private veterinarians,
veterinary paraprofessionals and veterinary pharmacists.

19. Success factors & challenges
 The main success factors of this PPP are:
o understanding and collaboration on prevention & control
important animal diseases, including zoonotic and emerging
diseases, by the private sector; and effective implementation
 The main areas of improvements are:
o Insufficient financial resources
o Low level or lack of continuous and permanent technical
cooperation between the partners;

20. Saudi Arabia
 Mega dairy farms in Alkharj Province in Riyadh
Region, owned by large companies and
represented by the Saudi milk producers'
association, participated in a PPP with the Ministry
of Environment, Water and Agriculture to provide
FMD vaccine to vaccinate animals in the smaller
farms in the vicinity.
 The period of implementation of this collaborative
PPP is over 15 years and is regulated by legislation.
 No public sector funding but the private sector
covers purchase of FMD vaccines.
Source: www.dairyherd.com/
 The impact is a decreased prevalence of FMD in the small farms thereby reducing risk of disease
 Consequently, minimising the circulation of the FMD virus provides access to export markets for
that could generate substantial trade profits

21. Success factors & challenges
 The main success factors of this PPP are:
o the existence of good and effective VS, sustainable funding
provided by the private sector and transparency between the
public and private sector.
 The main areas of improvements are:
o Shortcomings in the legislation in terms of lack of binding
legislation governing the relationships between partners.
o Veterinary Authority (VA) being spread between several ministries
(few human resources) and weakness or

22. EXAMPLES FROM THE 8TH WE FMD RMM

23. The 8th West Eurasia FMD Roadmap
 The 8th West Eurasia (WE) Roadmap
Meeting (RMM) for the FMD Disease
Progressive Control Pathway (FMD-
PCP) was held in March 2019 in
Shiraz, Iran.
 Representatives of the VS of 14
countries attended the 8th WE
RMM.
 Attendees discussed examples of
PPPs applied to FMD Laboratory
network (WELNET) and
Epidemiological network (EPINET)

24. EPINET examples
Pakistan:
Existing PPPs mainly focused on giving the private sector authority to:
a) provide training for private veterinarians,
b) conduct surveillance activities, including sample collection and testing, as well as
vaccination. The government covers the costs based on a MoU.
Iran:
A transactional contract enables the certification and training of private vets to
conduct FMD vaccination. Also Collaborative PPPs exist:
a) “mega dairy farms” authorised by the government to conduct their own vaccination
under the supervision of authorised private vets;
b) veterinary councils to train private veterinarians to conduct surveillance activities,
sampling, testing and vaccination;
c) private vaccine manufacturers authorised to produce vaccines.

25. Turkey:
The government has contracts with:
a) veterinary associations and with small ruminant livestock
unions/associations to promote animal health and animal identification
b) private vets at provincial level, working for larger farms to vaccinate and
ear tag.
Kazakhstan:
The government has contracts with
a) veterinary association (council) to issue qualifications licences for vets;
b) private vets to carry out vaccination for nine animal diseases (vaccines
are provided free of charge),
c) private sector for training (e-training and face-to-face) and for veterinary
sanitary activities.
EPINET examples

26. WELNET examples
 Contracts between central veterinary laboratories and private sector labs for services in
food safety testing, standardisation of tests and protocols, including introduction of ISO
standards. CVLs work with private vaccine production labs for the development of new
vaccine strains;
 Vaccine manufacturers initiated PPPs for (i) long-term vaccine development and supply,
provision of technical expertise in vaccine manufacturing, (ii) exchange of technical
knowhow, standardisation, development of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and
capacity for vaccine matching, and (iii) research and development of vaccines;
 Provision of training to the public services in collaboration with universities, training on
HACCP and biosecurity in private sector labs, including slaughterhouse inspection
training;
 Accreditation of veterinarians registered with the respective national Veterinary
Board/Council for ease of regulation as a vehicle for implementing the PPP initiative.

27. CHALLENGES AND GAPS FOR THE PPPS IN THE ME

28. Challenges and gaps for PPPs in Middle East
 Lack or weakness of enabling institutional arrangements
 Retaining control of animal health by the public sector
 Lack of identification of areas for mutual benefit
 Lack of knowledge of private sector’s needs
 Financial risk for the private sector
 Lack of coordination

29. Opportunities for PPPs in the Middle East
 Strengthening and extending public Veterinary Services
 Learning from and drawing on successful examples
 Solving complex issues such as vaccine security
 Empowering the private veterinary sector
 Established PPP legislation

30. The way forward
1. Creating enabling environments that encourage effective, efficient &
sustainable PPPs
2. Establishing active dialogue at national and/or sectoral level “PPP forum”
to start and continue permanent communications
3. Conducting a thorough needs assessment is a key next step
4. Effective delivery of various veterinary services to end-users must be
considered as a priority for PPPs
5. PPPs targeted at provision of animal health services such as diagnostics
and vaccinations to small-scale livestock holders, especially in rural areas,
should be encouraged due to market failure

31. The way forward
6. Farmers and producer organizations and associations must be
strengthened in identifying their collective needs based on their
objectives and visions for future, which will lead their partnerships
(collaborative PPPs) with the public sector aimed at improving animal
health and controlling diseases.
7. Veterinary services must be sustainably financed, universally available,
provided efficiently without waste or duplication and free of fraud. PPPs
could deliver these by include public sector vets, private vets and private
veterinary paraprofessionals, private sector producers, farmers,
processors and distributors.

32. Conclusions
 Effective and sustainable PPPs are strongly recommended; they enable
public veterinary sector to extend and enhance the reach, quality and
impacts of the national Veterinary Services, thus contributing to the
wellbeing of the public and the wider society;
 Through sustainable and effective PPPs, private veterinary service
providers will provide a wide range of services that not only create
financial benefits for themselves but also ensure that the government
fulfils its duties and responsibilities;
 These could be done through the three main types of PPPs defined by the
OIE, namely through sanitary mandate contracts (transactional PPPs),
collaborative PPPs, and transformative PPPs;

33. Conclusions
 Strong legislation and enforcement mechanisms for proper delegation of
authority to ensure the quality and performance of private sector players
are essential;
 For the long-term success of PPPs in the veterinary domain in the ME
region, substantial efforts and investments in providing appropriate high-
quality training as well as establishing and strengthening effective
Veterinary Statutory Bodies are essential.

34. Appendices
 Bibliography on country-specific PPPs
 Bibliography on PPPs in the veterinary domain
 Bibliography on PPPs in agriculture
 Bibliography on generic PPPs

35. Acknowledgment
 Public and private sectors of the countries collaborated
 OIE
 CIRAD
 BMG
 FAO, EuFMD

36. bouda.ahmadi@fao.org
Thank you!