This document provides a lesson on pronunciation techniques and vowel digraphs and diphthongs for English language learners. It begins with an introduction to pronunciation and its importance for communication. It then covers the vowel digraphs "ai" and "ay" which make the long 'a' sound in words like train and day. The document includes sample conversations set in a library, vocabulary words related to libraries, example sentences using nouns and pronouns, and explanations of parts of speech. It concludes with a story about libraries and a phonics test on words from the lesson.

1. B E G I N N E R
E N G L I S H
L E V E L 2
P R E S E N T A T I O N 1

2. P R O N U N C I AT I O N T E C H N I Q U E S
Pronunciation is an essential thing in good communication
because the wrong pronunciation will lead to misunderstanding
and misspelling. Learners with good English pronunciation are
likely to be understood. If you know how to pronounce the words
and phrases correctly, with proper intonation, your level of
speech understanding is also increased.
As we mentioned in the first level, a long vowel is a vowel that
is pronounced the same as the letter of the English Alphabet. In
this level we will look at vowel digraphs and diphthongs.

3. P H O N I C S – V O W E L D I G R A P H S
ai – long ‘A’ sound
paint train snail braid
claim contain attain brain
main gain grain sailboat
domain pain bail fail
nail tail plain complain
Rule: The ‘ai’ sound is usually found at the beginning of a word or in the middle of a word but never at the end of a

4. P H O N I C S – V O W E L D I G R A P H S
ay – long ‘A’ sound
clay day gray way
pray stay say sway
spray hay lay ray
pay delay replay x-ray
decay hurray okay
holiday
birthday away nay today
Rule: The ‘ay’ sound is always found at the end of a word, unless it is followed by a vowel.

5. C O N V E R S AT I O N S - L I B R A R Y
Good day
sir!
Good day! I am
ten days
overdue from
returning these
books. What
will happen
now?
You will have to
pay a 50 cent
per day fine on
each book.
Oh, dear! I
hope I have
the cash!
1
2
3
4

6. C O N V E R S AT I O N S - L I B R A R Y
Good day! You
would need to
look on the non-
fiction shelves of
the library.
Good
morning
madam, I am
looking for a
book on
volcanoes.
Look in aisle 5;
you will find
Natural
Disasters
between 569
and 573.
Thank you
very much; I
will look in
the non-
fiction
section.
1
2
3 4

7. V O C A B U L A R Y - L I B R A R Y
bookshelf
librarian computer research
reading
ladder
library catalog
book
main desk
shelf

8. S E N T E N C E S - L I B R A R Y
The man is taking books out.
The man is returning his library books.
The man is looking in the library catalog to
find a book.
The librarian is packing the books back into
the shelves.

9. D I C T I O N A R Y - L I B R A R Y
Library
Meaning: A place where you can borrow books to
read.
Example: We go to the library every Wednesday.
Librarian
Meaning: A person who works in the library.
Example: I asked the librarian to help me find a
book.
Bookshelves
Meaning: A place where books are kept.
Example: I looked in the bookshelves to find the
book.

10. D I C T I O N A R Y - L I B R A R Y
Non-Fiction
Meaning: A book that gives true facts.
Example: I looked in the non-fiction side of the library to find a book about
volcanoes.
Fiction
Meaning: A book that is a fantasy or an imaginary story.
Example: I like to read fiction books about spaceships.
Fine
Meaning: An amount of money you will pay for returning the library book late.
Example: I got a $5 fine for returning my books late.

11. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - N O U N S
What does a noun do in a sentence?
It acts as the subject of a sentence that performs the action of
the verb. The subject of a sentence must be a noun. It cannot be
a verb, an adverb, an adjective, or any other part of speech.
Nouns are basic to sentence structure because they, along with
pronouns, provide the subject of the sentence. In addition, a
noun functions as a direct object of a verb, an indirect object of a
verb, object of a preposition, or a complement.

12. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - N O U N S
Noun as subject of verb
The subject can be a person, place, thing or idea. It performs an act or
shows a state of being as expressed by the verb. The subject is easily
recognized as it usually at the beginning of a sentence and is followed by a
verb.
Examples:
The man stepped on my toes.
The car smashed into a wall.
The girl fell down the stairs.
I accidentally hit my head on the bookshelf.

13. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - N O U N S
Noun as direct object
The direct object is a noun in a sentence. The object is acted
upon by the subject, and It typically comes after the verb.
Examples:
Tom bit his nail.
I am painting the doghouse.
Her dog followed her to the park.
Strong wind blew their tent down.
Practical Exercise 1(a) & 1(b) : Complete the exercise in the worksheets.

14. PA R T S O F S P E E C H – P R O N O U N S
Personal pronouns refer to people with one exception: it. The
third person pronoun it although included in personal pronouns
does not refer to a person; it usually refers to an animal or a
thing. Personal pronouns are best explained by the table that
follows. Singular Plural
Subject Object Subject Object
First Person I me we us
Second
Person
You You You You
Third Person He
She
It
Him
Her
It
They
They
They
Them
Them
Them

15. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - P R O N O U N S
What is shown in the table on slide 14 is that personal pronouns have
person, number, gender and case. The personal pronoun must be
of the same number, gender, person, and in the same case as the
noun for which it represents.
Number
Each personal pronoun is singular or plural in number: singular (I, me,
you, he, him, she, her, it) or plural (we, us, you, they, them). The
pronoun must agree in number with the noun that it replaces. If the
noun is in the singular number, the pronoun must also be in the
singular number, or if it is of the plural number, the pronoun must be
of the plural number.

16. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - P R O N O U N S
Examples:
Singular: The boy is playing with his puppet. He has a glove puppet.
Plural: The boys are playing with their puppets. They have glove puppets.
Singular: The lady dances well. She won a prize for dancing.
Plural: The ladies dance well. They won a prize for dancing.
Singular: The child has a balloon. He/she has a blue balloon.
Plural: The children have balloons. They have blue balloons.
Practical Exercise 2: Complete the exercise in the Worksheets.

17. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - V E R B S
A verb or verbal phrase (more than one word); is an action or a
state of being of the subject. We need a verb as it is an essential
element in constructing a sentence. Most sentences have a
verb. A verb completes the sentence.
In most sentences, there will be a noun as the subject and a
predicate. The predicate usually includes one verb or a verbal
phrase. A verb follows the subject and must match in number
(singular or plural), even if other words are found in between
them. An object or a compliment follows the verb.

18. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - V E R B S
A verb can take the infinitive form, for example (to paint, to walk) or a
conjugated regular form, for example (paint/paints, walk/walked) and is
used according to a grammatical classification such as a person, voice, or
tense. The conjugated irregular verb form introduces a change in its
spelling (go/went/gone) or a change in its ending (hide/hid/hidden). This
modification of a verb, which expresses a different grammatical category, is
called inflection.
A verb that is used in a sentence is usually a linking verb or an action verb.
An action verb describes the subject. A linking verb links the subject to the
rest of the sentence, which provides information about the subject.
Practical Exercise 3: Complete the exercise in the Worksheets.

19. R E A D T H E S T O R Y
Libraries
A library is a place set apart to contain books, periodicals, and other
materials for reading, viewing, and listening. Most towns and cities have a
public library, whereby people can borrow books. Public libraries are usually
free and surfing on the internet as well. It does not cost any money to
explore and learn at a library.
Libraries have different types of books—for example, educational books,
mystery, science fiction, non-fiction. Libraries have books about animals
and world history. Libraries have cookbooks. You can find a book about
almost anything at the library. (Go to the next slide).

20. R E A D A S T O R Y
Libraries also have plenty of activities. Some libraries have story time. This
is when someone does a read-aloud for children. Nowadays, most libraries
have computers for research or e-mail related activities.
Libraries let you check out their books. This means that you can take it
home for a little while if you find something that interests you. You must sign
up for a library card first. This is how libraries keep records of books.
Remember to bring the books back on time!
There are different types of libraries, for instance: academic libraries that
serve colleges and universities.
Public libraries that serve the community of all sizes and types, school
libraries that are usually part of a school system, and online Libraries,
ordinarily called virtual libraries, can access all the books online.
Practical Exercise 4: Read and listen to the story and answer the questions in the worksheets.

21. P H O N I C S T E S T
Learn the spelling words on Slides 3 and 4, the long ‘A’ sounds.
Complete the test in Practical Exercise 5 in your worksheets for
Presentation 1.
Click on the icon below. Listen carefully and pause the audio
and write the word.