SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 27
Extension Forestry
in the United States:
A NATIONAL REVIEW OF STATE-LEVEL
PROGRAMS
Eli Sagor, Amanda Kueper, Charles Blinn, and Dennis Becker

1
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Workshops

2
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Two-stage data collection
Online survey

Telephone focus groups

Census of 50 state-level
Extension Forestry program
leaders

One for leaders of large state-level
programs: ≥9 FTE

November 2011 – February
2012

One for leaders of small programs:
≤1.7 FTE
Administered by phone, 90 minutes

100% response rate

4
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Survey results

5
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
FTE Capacity
Audiences
FTE capacity positively
correlated with number of
audience segments
“specifically targeted”
r = 0.590, P < 0.001
Content: Topics taught

8
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Left side:
% states teaching
topic LESS now
than 5 years ago

Topics

Right side:
% states teaching
topic MORE now
than 5 years ago

9
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Topics taught MORE now:

10
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Topics taught LESS now:

11
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Formats

12
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Formats

13
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Formats used MORE now:

14
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Formats used LESS now:

15
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Focus group results

16
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Funding
Many report reductions in funds and FTE
capacity:
“…we’ve lost people significantly. We’ve lost three key
Extension specialists, and three field agents with no money
to replace any of those people. So, you know, the work has
just been spread around among the people that remain.”

17
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Shift to competitive funding
Increasing volatility from year to year
Challenge for long-range planning

Programs end when funding expires
Benefit: Increased coordination, partnerships
Challenges meeting needs of tradition-bound audiences

18
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Shift to competitive funding
Transition more challenging for small programs
Morale: “We’re one funding cycle away from real
problems.”

19
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Shift to digital communications
and peer learning
“We feel like this is just… the wave of the
future, this technology is how more and more
people are communicating and getting
information, and if we’re not a part of this
game…, we’re just going to be left behind.”

Opportunity and necessity
20
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Discussion

21
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Doing more
with less

Flickr: Morbuto (source)

22
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Changing content
More instruction on forest
health, climate, digital mapping.
Few topics dropped: Expanding portfolio.

23
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Changing relationships between
Extension and learners
More efficient, more accessible, but less
direct?
More coordination across
agencies, organizations.

24
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Opportunity: More targeting
Focus on narrower audience segments most
likely to produce positive impact.
But… Tradition-bound audiences, public
support?

25
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Conclusions
Extension is a bridge between profession and public
Expanding content portfolio and delivery toolkit
Funding changes affect small and large state programs
differently

26
© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Eli Sagor
esagor@umn.edu
(612) 624-6948
Amanda Kueper
Charlie Blinn
Dennis Becker

© 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities
Act, this PowerPoint is available in alternative formats upon request. Direct requests to the Extension Store at 800-876-8636.

27

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Semelhante a Extension Forestry in the U.S.: A national review of state-level programs

Program Innovation for Foundations for Success
Program Innovation for Foundations for SuccessProgram Innovation for Foundations for Success
Program Innovation for Foundations for Success
natemeyer
 
Final Copy_March18_PDF_Print
Final Copy_March18_PDF_PrintFinal Copy_March18_PDF_Print
Final Copy_March18_PDF_Print
Giovanna DiFalco
 
Near_Neighbours_Coventry_University_Evaluation (1)
Near_Neighbours_Coventry_University_Evaluation (1)Near_Neighbours_Coventry_University_Evaluation (1)
Near_Neighbours_Coventry_University_Evaluation (1)
Tom Fisher
 
Model Forests, Social and political impacts, by Josique, IUFRO World Congress
Model Forests, Social and political impacts, by Josique, IUFRO World CongressModel Forests, Social and political impacts, by Josique, IUFRO World Congress
Model Forests, Social and political impacts, by Josique, IUFRO World Congress
Josique Lorenzo Lemire
 
Climate change impact in coastal areas of the Rio de la Plata River, Actions ...
Climate change impact in coastal areas of the Rio de la Plata River, Actions ...Climate change impact in coastal areas of the Rio de la Plata River, Actions ...
Climate change impact in coastal areas of the Rio de la Plata River, Actions ...
IIED
 
Designing redd+ projects johnp
Designing redd+ projects johnpDesigning redd+ projects johnp
Designing redd+ projects johnp
vdg777
 
ASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docx
ASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docxASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docx
ASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docx
randymartin91030
 
ASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docx
ASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docxASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docx
ASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docx
festockton
 
Drexel homepurchaseassistanceprogram
Drexel homepurchaseassistanceprogramDrexel homepurchaseassistanceprogram
Drexel homepurchaseassistanceprogram
Julie Goldman
 
CAPSTONE J4970 Fresh Edge
CAPSTONE J4970 Fresh EdgeCAPSTONE J4970 Fresh Edge
CAPSTONE J4970 Fresh Edge
Ashley Hartman
 

Semelhante a Extension Forestry in the U.S.: A national review of state-level programs (20)

Extension Forestry in the US: Master volunteer and other peer learning programs
Extension Forestry in the US: Master volunteer and other peer learning programsExtension Forestry in the US: Master volunteer and other peer learning programs
Extension Forestry in the US: Master volunteer and other peer learning programs
 
Program Innovation for Foundations for Success
Program Innovation for Foundations for SuccessProgram Innovation for Foundations for Success
Program Innovation for Foundations for Success
 
Final Copy_March18_PDF_Print
Final Copy_March18_PDF_PrintFinal Copy_March18_PDF_Print
Final Copy_March18_PDF_Print
 
UEDA 2015 Awards of Excellence - Leadership & Collaboration - MSU EDA Univers...
UEDA 2015 Awards of Excellence - Leadership & Collaboration - MSU EDA Univers...UEDA 2015 Awards of Excellence - Leadership & Collaboration - MSU EDA Univers...
UEDA 2015 Awards of Excellence - Leadership & Collaboration - MSU EDA Univers...
 
NRYB overview full 2001
NRYB overview full 2001NRYB overview full 2001
NRYB overview full 2001
 
The Engaged Campus: From Service to Community Outcomes by Mary Beckman
The Engaged Campus: From Service to Community Outcomes by Mary BeckmanThe Engaged Campus: From Service to Community Outcomes by Mary Beckman
The Engaged Campus: From Service to Community Outcomes by Mary Beckman
 
Near_Neighbours_Coventry_University_Evaluation (1)
Near_Neighbours_Coventry_University_Evaluation (1)Near_Neighbours_Coventry_University_Evaluation (1)
Near_Neighbours_Coventry_University_Evaluation (1)
 
Extension, research, and service as policy tools
Extension, research, and service as policy toolsExtension, research, and service as policy tools
Extension, research, and service as policy tools
 
Model Forests, Social and political impacts, by Josique, IUFRO World Congress
Model Forests, Social and political impacts, by Josique, IUFRO World CongressModel Forests, Social and political impacts, by Josique, IUFRO World Congress
Model Forests, Social and political impacts, by Josique, IUFRO World Congress
 
Climate change impact in coastal areas of the Rio de la Plata River, Actions ...
Climate change impact in coastal areas of the Rio de la Plata River, Actions ...Climate change impact in coastal areas of the Rio de la Plata River, Actions ...
Climate change impact in coastal areas of the Rio de la Plata River, Actions ...
 
Designing redd+ projects johnp
Designing redd+ projects johnpDesigning redd+ projects johnp
Designing redd+ projects johnp
 
The Agile University
The Agile UniversityThe Agile University
The Agile University
 
Using Data to Mobilize Commuities and Change Lives
Using Data to Mobilize Commuities and Change LivesUsing Data to Mobilize Commuities and Change Lives
Using Data to Mobilize Commuities and Change Lives
 
ASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docx
ASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docxASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docx
ASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docx
 
ASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docx
ASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docxASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docx
ASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docx
 
Drexel homepurchaseassistanceprogram
Drexel homepurchaseassistanceprogramDrexel homepurchaseassistanceprogram
Drexel homepurchaseassistanceprogram
 
Rural Climate Dialogues: Developing a Citizen-Based Response
Rural Climate Dialogues:  Developing a Citizen-Based Response Rural Climate Dialogues:  Developing a Citizen-Based Response
Rural Climate Dialogues: Developing a Citizen-Based Response
 
Strategic Trends In Alumni Engagement Case Summit09
Strategic Trends In Alumni Engagement Case Summit09Strategic Trends In Alumni Engagement Case Summit09
Strategic Trends In Alumni Engagement Case Summit09
 
Advantages in Place: Federal Funding
Advantages in Place: Federal Funding Advantages in Place: Federal Funding
Advantages in Place: Federal Funding
 
CAPSTONE J4970 Fresh Edge
CAPSTONE J4970 Fresh EdgeCAPSTONE J4970 Fresh Edge
CAPSTONE J4970 Fresh Edge
 

Mais de Eli Sagor

Making Extension Content Discoverable: A 3-year evaluation
Making Extension Content Discoverable: A 3-year evaluationMaking Extension Content Discoverable: A 3-year evaluation
Making Extension Content Discoverable: A 3-year evaluation
Eli Sagor
 
Woodland Owner Networks and Peer-to-Peer Learning
Woodland Owner Networks and Peer-to-Peer LearningWoodland Owner Networks and Peer-to-Peer Learning
Woodland Owner Networks and Peer-to-Peer Learning
Eli Sagor
 

Mais de Eli Sagor (20)

Media and natural resource and environmental policy
Media and natural resource and environmental policyMedia and natural resource and environmental policy
Media and natural resource and environmental policy
 
Emerging communication opportunities for natural resource professionals
Emerging communication opportunities for natural resource professionalsEmerging communication opportunities for natural resource professionals
Emerging communication opportunities for natural resource professionals
 
Connecting with stakeholders using social media, MASWCD Dec. 2011
Connecting with stakeholders using social media, MASWCD Dec. 2011Connecting with stakeholders using social media, MASWCD Dec. 2011
Connecting with stakeholders using social media, MASWCD Dec. 2011
 
Rethinking Extension: Digital communication adn engagement for the Land Grant...
Rethinking Extension: Digital communication adn engagement for the Land Grant...Rethinking Extension: Digital communication adn engagement for the Land Grant...
Rethinking Extension: Digital communication adn engagement for the Land Grant...
 
Using digital media and online communication tools to engage landowners
Using digital media and online communication tools to engage landownersUsing digital media and online communication tools to engage landowners
Using digital media and online communication tools to engage landowners
 
Making Extension Content Discoverable: A 3-year evaluation
Making Extension Content Discoverable: A 3-year evaluationMaking Extension Content Discoverable: A 3-year evaluation
Making Extension Content Discoverable: A 3-year evaluation
 
The land grant university system and UMN Extension forestry
The land grant university system and UMN Extension forestryThe land grant university system and UMN Extension forestry
The land grant university system and UMN Extension forestry
 
Reaching and communicating with Minnesota family forest owners
Reaching and communicating with Minnesota family forest ownersReaching and communicating with Minnesota family forest owners
Reaching and communicating with Minnesota family forest owners
 
Minnesota family forest owner information sources and land management activity
Minnesota family forest owner information sources and land management activityMinnesota family forest owner information sources and land management activity
Minnesota family forest owner information sources and land management activity
 
Media and the general public (ESPM 3241 / 5241)
Media and the general public (ESPM 3241 / 5241)Media and the general public (ESPM 3241 / 5241)
Media and the general public (ESPM 3241 / 5241)
 
A network approach to private forest owner assistance: Theory, models, and p...
A network approach to private forest owner assistance: Theory, models, and p...A network approach to private forest owner assistance: Theory, models, and p...
A network approach to private forest owner assistance: Theory, models, and p...
 
Scholarship, engagement, and the Extension promotion process
Scholarship, engagement, and the Extension promotion processScholarship, engagement, and the Extension promotion process
Scholarship, engagement, and the Extension promotion process
 
Woodland Owner Networks and Peer-to-Peer Learning
Woodland Owner Networks and Peer-to-Peer LearningWoodland Owner Networks and Peer-to-Peer Learning
Woodland Owner Networks and Peer-to-Peer Learning
 
Digital media and Extension forestry
Digital media and Extension forestryDigital media and Extension forestry
Digital media and Extension forestry
 
A report from the woods
A report from the woodsA report from the woods
A report from the woods
 
FVCM follow-up webinar: Mark
FVCM follow-up webinar: MarkFVCM follow-up webinar: Mark
FVCM follow-up webinar: Mark
 
FVCM follow-up webinar: Tony
FVCM follow-up webinar: TonyFVCM follow-up webinar: Tony
FVCM follow-up webinar: Tony
 
FVCM follow-up webinar: Steve
FVCM follow-up webinar: SteveFVCM follow-up webinar: Steve
FVCM follow-up webinar: Steve
 
STEW-MAP: Understanding urban environmental stewardship in New York City
STEW-MAP: Understanding urban environmental stewardship in New York CitySTEW-MAP: Understanding urban environmental stewardship in New York City
STEW-MAP: Understanding urban environmental stewardship in New York City
 
Online Mapping & GIS
Online Mapping & GISOnline Mapping & GIS
Online Mapping & GIS
 

Último

Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
ciinovamais
 

Último (20)

Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptxUnit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
 
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
 
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
 
Dyslexia AI Workshop for Slideshare.pptx
Dyslexia AI Workshop for Slideshare.pptxDyslexia AI Workshop for Slideshare.pptx
Dyslexia AI Workshop for Slideshare.pptx
 
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
 
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
 
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning ExhibitSociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
 
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
 
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxPython Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
 
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdfFood safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
 
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxGoogle Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
 
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.pptApplication orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
 
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
 
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
 
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
 
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
 

Extension Forestry in the U.S.: A national review of state-level programs

  • 1. Extension Forestry in the United States: A NATIONAL REVIEW OF STATE-LEVEL PROGRAMS Eli Sagor, Amanda Kueper, Charles Blinn, and Dennis Becker 1 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 2. Workshops 2 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 3.
  • 4. Two-stage data collection Online survey Telephone focus groups Census of 50 state-level Extension Forestry program leaders One for leaders of large state-level programs: ≥9 FTE November 2011 – February 2012 One for leaders of small programs: ≤1.7 FTE Administered by phone, 90 minutes 100% response rate 4 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 5. Survey results 5 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 7. Audiences FTE capacity positively correlated with number of audience segments “specifically targeted” r = 0.590, P < 0.001
  • 8. Content: Topics taught 8 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 9. Left side: % states teaching topic LESS now than 5 years ago Topics Right side: % states teaching topic MORE now than 5 years ago 9 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 10. Topics taught MORE now: 10 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 11. Topics taught LESS now: 11 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 12. Formats 12 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 13. Formats 13 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 14. Formats used MORE now: 14 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 15. Formats used LESS now: 15 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 16. Focus group results 16 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 17. Funding Many report reductions in funds and FTE capacity: “…we’ve lost people significantly. We’ve lost three key Extension specialists, and three field agents with no money to replace any of those people. So, you know, the work has just been spread around among the people that remain.” 17 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 18. Shift to competitive funding Increasing volatility from year to year Challenge for long-range planning Programs end when funding expires Benefit: Increased coordination, partnerships Challenges meeting needs of tradition-bound audiences 18 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 19. Shift to competitive funding Transition more challenging for small programs Morale: “We’re one funding cycle away from real problems.” 19 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 20. Shift to digital communications and peer learning “We feel like this is just… the wave of the future, this technology is how more and more people are communicating and getting information, and if we’re not a part of this game…, we’re just going to be left behind.” Opportunity and necessity 20 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 21. Discussion 21 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 22. Doing more with less Flickr: Morbuto (source) 22 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 23. Changing content More instruction on forest health, climate, digital mapping. Few topics dropped: Expanding portfolio. 23 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 24. Changing relationships between Extension and learners More efficient, more accessible, but less direct? More coordination across agencies, organizations. 24 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 25. Opportunity: More targeting Focus on narrower audience segments most likely to produce positive impact. But… Tradition-bound audiences, public support? 25 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 26. Conclusions Extension is a bridge between profession and public Expanding content portfolio and delivery toolkit Funding changes affect small and large state programs differently 26 © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
  • 27. Eli Sagor esagor@umn.edu (612) 624-6948 Amanda Kueper Charlie Blinn Dennis Becker © 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, this PowerPoint is available in alternative formats upon request. Direct requests to the Extension Store at 800-876-8636. 27

Notas do Editor

  1. 52% of faculty capacity is specialists, 48% educators / agents
  2. Increasing expectations and declining resources leave us with our hands full at times. We need to help learners squeeze every ounce of value out of the work we put in.