1. The Cell Cycle

2. Here is what we’re going to learn
about.
CELL DIVISION
PARENT CELL
2 DAUGHTER CELLS

3. The Stages of the Cell Cycle
STAGE 1: Interphase CELL GETS READY
STAGE 2: Mitosis
NUCLEUS DIVIDES
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
CELL MEMBRANE
STAGE 3: Cytokinesis
DIVIDES

4. Phase 1: Growing
• The cell GROWS to its full size and
produces the structures it needs.
• The cell may make new ribosomes and
enzymes and copies are made of
mitochondria.
THE CELL LOOKS AND ACTS PRETTY
NORMAL IN THIS PHASE

5. INTERPHASE - Growing

6. • Cell grows to its normal size
• Cell makes a copy of its DNA
(DNA REPLICATION)
• 2 Centrioles are copied to make
a total of 4
INTERPHASE

7. CENTRIOLE

8. Phase 2: Copying DNA
• The cell makes an exact copy of the DNA
in its nucleus. This process is called DNA
REPLICATION.
• Important step, because the new cells
(daughter cells) must have an exact copy
of the first cell’s (parent cell) DNA.
• After the Copying DNA Phase, 2 identical
sets of DNA are in the parent cell.

9. Phase 2: Copying DNA
(occurs inside nucleus)
ORIGINAL
ORIGINAL
COPY

10. What is Stage 2: Mitosis?
This is the 2nd Stage of the Cell Cycle.
• This is the stage during which the cell’s
nucleus divides into 2 new Nuclei. During
mitosis, 1 copy of the parent’s DNA is
made for each of the 2 daughter cells.
• There are 4 phases in Mitosis: prophase,
metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

11. MITOSIS:PROPHASE

12. • Chromatin shrinks to make
Chromosomes
• Spindle fibers are formed
• Membrane around nucleus
breaks down
MITOSIS: PROPHASE

14. CHROMOSOME
• Made up of 2 chromatids held together
by a centromere.
• Chromatids are made of DNA.

15. MITOSIS: METAPHASE

16. • Chromosomes line up in
middle of cell
• Spindle fibers grab onto
centromeres of chromosomes
MITOSIS: METAPHASE

17. MITOSIS: ANAPHASE

18. • Centromeres split
• Spindle fibers pull chromatids
to either side of cell
(CYTOKINESIS BEGINS: cell
stretches out)
MITOSIS: ANAPHASE

19. MITOSIS: TELOPHASE

20. • Chromosomes stretch out
and begin to turn back into
chromatin
• Nuclei reform
(CYTOKINESIS CONTINUES:
cell pinches in the
middle)
MITOSIS: TELOPHASE

21. Phase 3: Preparing for Division
• The cell gets ready to divide.
• The cell produces structures that it will use
to divide into new cells.
• The cell makes a copy of its 2 centrioles,
to now have 4 of them.
• Once this step is over, the cell is ready to
divide.

22. Cytokinesis in an Animal Cell
BEFORE
DURING
AFTER

23. • Each daughter cell is given
equal organelles and 1
nucleus.
• Cell membrane splits, forming
2 new daughter cells.
ANIMAL CELL: CYTOKINESIS

24. Cytokinesis in Plant Cells

25. • A cell plate forms in the
middle of the cell.
• The cell plate turns into a cell
membrane that cuts the cell into
2 daughter cells.
• New cell walls then form
around each of the daughter
cells to protect them..
PLANT CELL: CYTOKINESIS

27. How long do the 3 stages take?
HUMAN
LIVER
CELL
HOW
LONG
DOES
THE
WHOLE
THING
TAKE?