Erik Schoppen laat in zijn neurowetenschappelijke lezing 'De Chemie van Geluk' zien dat onze hersenen niet alleen
een fascinerende verzameling organische structuren zijn, maar ook de generator van onze geluksgevoelens. Deze lezing toont een tipje van de sluier over hoe deze structuren in ons brein werken en hoe deze kunnen bijdragen aan het verkrijgen van balans, welzijn en geluk.
Het brein, met 85 miljard neuronen een van de meest complexe structuren die we kennen, heeft de mogelijkheid om de eigenaar, als deze positief denkt en handelt, zich sociaal bewust is van anderen en vertrouwen heeft in de toekomst, te belonen met gevoelens van genot en geluk. Dit gevoel wordt veroorzaakt door de afgifte van stoffen die ook vrijkomen als je stimulerende middelen gebruikt. Aangezien deze stoffen al van nature in je brein zitten zou je dus zelf je eigen geluksgevoelens kunnen oproepen. Deze lichaamseigen signaalstoffen hebben verschillende evolutionaire functies, zo waarschuwen ze ons niet alleen voor gevaar of verschaffen ons genot, maar sturen ons ook op pro-sociaal gedrag.
De oudste delen van ons brein zijn al zo'n 500 miljoen jaar oud. Rond 250 miljoen jaar geleden ontstond het limbisch systeem, ook wel bekend als het emotionele brein, en verantwoordelijk voor onze driften, motivaties en overlevingsmechanismen. Als we het over 'subjective wellbeing' hebben - denk aan angsten, genot, geluksgevoelens of het 'brein in balans' - dan is dit deel met haar aansturende signaalstoffen (denk aan neurotransmitters en hormonen) cruciaal. Als laatste is evolutionair - in enkele miljoenen tot honderdduizenden jaren - de neocortex ontstaan. Deze buitenste laag van ons brein is verantwoordelijk voor de hogere cognitieve functies, waaronder taal en redeneren, associatief verbanden leggen of ergens aan (terug)denken - waardoor we ook verwachtingen in de toekomst kunnen voorspellen. In de lezing gaan we door alle lagen heen. We starten op fysiek (lichamelijk, gedragsmatig) niveau, gaan dan door naar emotioneel (limbisch, episodisch) en mentaal (corticaal, semantisch) niveau, en eindigen op transcendentaal (ideëel en holistisch) niveau.
1. H.S. (Erik) Schoppen
DE CHEMIE
VAN GELUK!
DE NEUROWETENSCHAP EN POSITIEVE PSYCHOLOGIE ACHTER GELUKSGEVOELENS
EN HOE DIT KAN BIJDRAGEN AAN MEER BALANS, (WERK)GELUK EN WELZIJN.
2. SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE PhD RESEARCH
TRUSTING SUSTAINABILITY
PHYSICAL
IMPACT SOCIETY & ENVIRONMENT
POSITIVE SOCIETY & SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY
SHORT TERM REWARD
BENEVOLENCE & FEELING GOOD
(do what feels right
by being pro-social)
LONG TERM TRUST
WELL-BEING & BALANCE
(living in harmony
with environment)
MENTAL
EMOTIONS & EMPATHY
Sustainable
& prosocial
positioning
Trust &
behavior
change
leads to
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
4. Social neuroscience is about
how we feel, act and react
socially to others,
our decision making,
emotions and trust,
and how we build
trust relationships.
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
9. ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
Social connections & trust relations (planning, investing, depending)
Getting & sharing experience by helping others (meaning, altruism)
Receiving / giving appreciation (gratitude increases wellness, lessen stress)
We all want to be the same (vulnerability, belonging, being part of a group)
TRUST IN OTHERSTRUST IN SELF
12. informatie
wordt kort
opgeslagen
voor direct
gebruik
FRONTAAL
KWAB
written language
spoken language
cortex
limbic
stam
NEOCORTEX
NEOMAMMALIAN
LIMBIC SYSTEM
PALEOMAMMALIAN
BRAINSTEM AND CEREBELLUM
PROTO REPTILIAN BRAIN
INSTINCTS
REPTILE
EMOTIONS
MAMMAL
PERCEPTION (AWARENESS) COGNITION (MEMORY) BEHAVIOR (DECISION-MAKING)
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
RATIO
HUMAN
INSTINCTS
REPTILE
PRIMARILY
PHYSIOLOGICAL
NEEDS
FEELINGS &
EXPRESSIONS
REASON &
PLANNING
CULTURE &
TRADITIONS THREE STAGES OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
PRIMING CONDITIONING
500.000.000250.000.00050.00020.0005.000
HUMAN BRAINS EVOLVED TO BE MORE RESPONSIVE
TO ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
2
HUMAN
17. FEAR
JOY
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
REWARD
BALANCE IS ABOUT RIGHT MIX OF TRIGGERS
LOSS
DOUBT
PLEASURE
PAIN
EXITEMENT
SORROW
REGRET
DISGUST
FOOD & SEX
APPROACH
BEHAVIOR
AVOIDANCE
BEHAVIOR
ANGER
EMPATHY
Schoppen, E., 2016, Build Bridge Bond - Building Sustainable Trust
EVOLUTIONAIRY MOTIVATIONS
18. RELATIONSHIPS ARE
ABOUT REWARD, RISK & TRUST
SHARING RESOURCES
PRIMATES SHARE FOOD FOR KINSHIP, RECIPROCITY, SOCIAL BONDS AND PREVENTING FIGHTS ON FOOD TRANSFERS
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR &
SUSTAINABLE HAPPINESS
20. informatie
wordt kort
opgeslagen
voor direct
gebruik
FRONTAAL
KWAB
written language
spoken language
cortex
limbic
stam
NEOCORTEX
NEOMAMMALIAN
LIMBIC SYSTEM
PALEOMAMMALIAN
BRAINSTEM AND CEREBELLUM
PROTO REPTILIAN BRAIN
INSTINCTS
REPTILE
EMOTIONS
MAMMAL
PERCEPTION (AWARENESS) COGNITION (MEMORY) BEHAVIOR (DECISION-MAKING)
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
RATIO
HUMAN
INSTINCTS
REPTILE
PRIMARILY
PHYSIOLOGICAL
NEEDS
FEELINGS &
EXPRESSIONS
REASON &
PLANNING
CULTURE &
TRADITIONS THREE STAGES OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
PRIMING CONDITIONING
500.000.000250.000.00050.00020.0005.000
HUMAN BRAINS EVOLVED TO BE MORE RESPONSIVE
TO ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
2
HUMAN
21. 22
Smell
Sensory
input
Sensory
memory
information
shortly
stored
for direct
usage
EMOTION
information
coordination
to right parts
cortex
FRONTAL
LOBE
PARIETAL
LOBE
OCCIPITAL
KWAB
TEMPORAL
LOBE
Information
is encoded to
relevant facts
encoded
information gets
stored in
short and long-term
memory
indien nodig
worden
herinneringen
weer geactiveerd
information gets
encoded and
stored
information gets
encoded and
stored
Gehoor
encoded
information
is stored
sends
sensory
information
to the right parts
in the cortex
RATIO
LIMBIC
SYSTEM
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
Amygdala
500.000.000250.000.00010.0005.000 written language
spoken language
cortex
limbic
stam Hearing
PRIMING CONDITIONING
Thalamus
50.0002
PERCEPTION (AWARENESS) COGNITION (MEMORY) BEHAVIOR (DECISION-MAKING)
22. information
shortly
stored
for direct
usage
FRONTAL
LOBE
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
500.000.000250.000.000250.00010.0005.000 written language
spoken language
cortex
limbic
stam Hearing
CONDITIONING
RATIONAL
CONSCIOUS
DECISIONS
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
PLANNING &
CONTROL
EMOTIONAL
REWARD, MOTIVATION,
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
SENSORY INFO
INSTINCTIVE
BEHAVIOR
FOOD, SEX,
SAFETY
COORDINATION
SUBCONSCIOUS
RAPID MOTOR
MOVEMENT
FEAR
PAIN / AROUSAL
SEEING
VISUAL
CORTEX
FEELING
TOUCH
CONSCIOUS
MOTOR
MOVEMENT
ASSOCIATION
CORTEX
HEARING
DRIVES
REWARD
GAIN
ASSOCIATION
CORTEX
THE MAIN STRUCTURES OF THE BRAIN
5%
95%
MOTOR
CORTEX
SENSORY
CORTEX
23. information
shortly
stored
for direct
usage
FRONTAL
LOBE
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
500.000.000250.000.000250.00010.0005.000 written language
spoken language
cortex
limbic
stam Hearing
CONDITIONING
EMOTIONAL
REWARD, MOTIVATION,
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
SENSORY INFO
INSTINCTIVE
BEHAVIOR
FOOD, SEX,
SAFETY
COORDINATION
SUBCONSCIOUS
RAPID MOTOR
MOVEMENT
FEAR
PAIN / AROUSAL
SEEING
VISUAL
CORTEX
FEELING
TOUCH
CONSCIOUS
MOTOR
MOVEMENT
ASSOCIATION
CORTEX
HEARING
DRIVES
REWARD
GAIN
ASSOCIATION
CORTEX
THE MAIN STRUCTURES OF THE BRAIN
95%
MOTOR
CORTEX
SENSORY
CORTEX
24. information
shortly
stored
for direct
usage
FRONTAL
LOBE
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
500.000.000250.000.000250.00010.0005.000 written language
spoken language
cortex
limbic
stam Hearing
CONDITIONING
RATIONAL
CONSCIOUS
DECISIONS
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
PLANNING &
CONTROL
EMOTIONAL
REWARD, MOTIVATION,
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
SENSORY INFO
INSTINCTIVE
BEHAVIOR
FOOD, SEX,
SAFETY
COORDINATION
SUBCONSCIOUS
RAPID MOTOR
MOVEMENT
FEAR
PAIN / AROUSAL
SEEING
VISUAL
CORTEX
FEELING
TOUCH
CONSCIOUS
MOTOR
MOVEMENT
ASSOCIATION
CORTEX
HEARING
DRIVES
REWARD
GAIN
ASSOCIATION
CORTEX
‘WE’ THINK THAT ‘WE’ THINK RATIONAL…
…BUT OUR BRAIN
DOES NOT WORK THAT WAY
MOTOR
CORTEX
SENSORY
CORTEX
25. information
shortly
stored
for direct
usage
FRONTAL
LOBE
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
500.000.000250.000.000250.00010.0005.000 written language
spoken language
cortex
limbic
stam Hearing
CONDITIONING
RATIONAL
CONSCIOUS
DECISIONS
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
PLANNING &
CONTROL
EMOTIONAL
REWARD, MOTIVATION,
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
SENSORY INFO
INSTINCTIVE
BEHAVIOR
FOOD, SEX,
SAFETY
COORDINATION
SUBCONSCIOUS
RAPID MOTOR
MOVEMENT
FEAR
PAIN / AROUSAL
SEEING
VISUAL
CORTEX
FEELING
TOUCH
CONSCIOUS
MOTOR
MOVEMENT
ASSOCIATION
CORTEX
HEARING
DRIVES
REWARD
GAIN
ASSOCIATION
CORTEX
FOLLOWING THE PATH OF EMOTION?
MOTOR
CORTEX
SENSORY
CORTEX
26. information
shortly
stored
for direct
usage
FRONTAL
LOBE
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
500.000.000250.000.000250.00010.0005.000 written language
spoken language
cortex
limbic
stam Hearing
CONDITIONING
RATIONAL
CONSCIOUS
DECISIONS
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
PLANNING &
CONTROL
EMOTIONAL
REWARD, MOTIVATION,
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
SENSORY INFO
INSTINCTIVE
BEHAVIOR
FOOD, SEX,
SAFETY
COORDINATION
SUBCONSCIOUS
RAPID MOTOR
MOVEMENT
FEAR
PAIN / AROUSAL
SEEING
VISUAL
CORTEX
FEELING
TOUCH
CONSCIOUS
MOTOR
MOVEMENT
ASSOCIATION
CORTEX
HEARING
DRIVES
REWARD
GAIN
ASSOCIATION
CORTEX
RULE #1
AVOID
‘PAIN’
RULE #2
INCREASE
‘GAIN’
BUT… INSTINCT DRIVES EMOTION DRIVES ACTION
1
2
MOTOR
CORTEX
SENSORY
CORTEX
27. 28
Smell
Sensory
input
Sensory
memory
information
shortly
stored
for direct
usage
EMOTION
information
coordination
to right parts
cortex
FRONTAL
LOBE
PARIETAL
LOBE
OCCIPITAL
KWAB
TEMPORAL
LOBE
Information
is encoded to
relevant facts
encoded
information gets
stored in
short and long-term
memory
indien nodig
worden
herinneringen
weer geactiveerd
information gets
encoded and
stored
information gets
encoded and
stored
Gehoor
encoded
information
is stored
sends
sensory
information
to the right parts
in the cortex
RATIO
LIMBIC
SYSTEM
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
Amygdala
500.000.000250.000.00010.0005.000 written language
spoken language
cortex
limbic
stam Hearing
PRIMING CONDITIONING
Thalamus
50.0002
FEAR
PAIN / AROUSAL
1
REWARD
GAIN
2
PERCEPTION (AWARENESS) COGNITION (MEMORY) BEHAVIOR (DECISION-MAKING)
34. FEARRELIEF
SADNESS
ANGER
EMPATHY
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
REWARD
EMOTIONS TO HELP ’GAIN’ ACTIVATION
BALANCE IS ABOUT RIGHT MIX OF EMOTIONS
LOSS
IMPULS, DOUBT
RISKTAKING
PLEASURE
PAIN
EXCITEMENT
SORROW
REGRET, GUILT, SHAME
COMPULSIVENESS
(NOR)EPINEPHRINE
OXYTOCIN
SEROTONIN
ENDORFIN
CORTISOL
(NOR)EPINEPHRINELOW
DOP. SERO. END.
LOW
OXY. (NO)REPI.
SEROTONIN
OXYTOCIN
ALTRUISM, AGREEABLENESS
& FAIRNESS
LOW SELF-ESTEME & LESS SOCIAL CONTACT
HIGH SELF-ESTEME & MORE SOCIAL CONTACT
STRESSED
CALM
GABA GLUTAMATE
ANNOYANCE, HATRED
& UNFAIRNESS
HIGH TRUST
DISTRUST
HOPE
DESPAIR
CORTISOL
DOPAMINE
JOY
DOPAMINE
ENDORFIN
Schoppen, E., 2016, Build Bridge Bond - Building Sustainable Trust
DISGUST
SEROTONIN
(NOR)EPINEPHRINE
SURPRISE
DOPAMINE
(NOR)EPINEPHRINE
35. FEARRELIEF
SADNESS
ANGER
EMPATHY
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
REWARD
BALANCE IS ABOUT RIGHT MIX OF EMOTIONS
LOSS
IMPULS, DOUBT
RISKTAKING
PLEASURE
PAIN
EXCITEMENT
SORROW
REGRET, GUILT, SHAME
COMPULSIVENESS
(NOR)EPINEPHRINE
OXYTOCIN
SEROTONIN
ENDORFIN
CORTISOL
(NOR)EPINEPHRINELOW
DOP. SERO. END.
LOW
OXY. (NO)REPI.
SEROTONIN
OXYTOCIN
ALTRUISM, AGREEABLENESS
& FAIRNESS
LOW SELF-ESTEME & LESS SOCIAL CONTACT
HIGH SELF-ESTEME & MORE SOCIAL CONTACT
STRESSED
CALM
GABA GLUTAMATE
ANNOYANCE, HATRED
& UNFAIRNESS
HIGH TRUST
DISTRUST
HOPE
DESPAIR
CORTISOL
DOPAMINE
JOY
DOPAMINE
ENDORFIN
Schoppen, E., 2016, Build Bridge Bond - Building Sustainable Trust
DISGUST
SEROTONIN
(NOR)EPINEPHRINE
SURPRISE
DOPAMINE
(NOR)EPINEPHRINE
EMOTIONS ACTIVATE REWARD SYSTEM
36. ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
Dopamine Endorfin Serotonin Oxytocin
motivation, reward & pleasure pain reduction & euphoria well-being & happiness intimacy, love & social bonding
open
for
change
long term
wellbeing & trust
(social)
short term
reward & risk
(hedonistic)
feeling
of
hope
showing
confidence
leadership
having
trust in the
future
impuls opportunity responsibility belonging
THE 4 NEUROTRANSMITTERS
FOR REWARD & TRUST
LONG
TERM
SHORT
TERM
excitatory inhibitory
P E R F O R M A N C E & P L E A S U R E P U R P O S E & P L A N N I N G
38. ERIKSCHOPPEN.COMTHE NEUROSCIENCE BEHIND HAPPINESS
Dopamine Endorfin Serotonin Oxytocin
motivation, reward & pleasure pain reduction & euphoria well-being & happiness intimacy, love & social bonding
open
for
change
long term
wellbeing & trust
(social)
short term
reward & risk
(hedonistic)
feeling
of
hope
showing
confidence
leadership
having
trust in the
future
impuls opportunity responsibility belonging
HAPPINESS
IS ABOUT BALANCE
excitatory inhibitory
joyful lucky content empathy
endocannabinoids GABA(no)adrenalin Vasopressin
P E R F O R M A N C E & P L E A S U R E P U R P O S E & P L A N N I N G
39. MOTIVATION
=
THE URGE
TO PROCEED
(AGAIN AND AGAIN)
OUR BEHAVIOR IS
EMOTIONALLY DRIVEN
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
MOTIVATION AND REWARD
Cerebellum
(integrates fine-tune
motor activity,
coordination, precision,
and accurate timing,
cognitive and emotional
balance)
50. informatie
wordt kort
opgeslagen
voor direct
gebruik
FRONTAAL
KWAB
written language
spoken language
cortex
limbic
stam
NEOCORTEX
NEOMAMMALIAN
LIMBIC SYSTEM
PALEOMAMMALIAN
BRAINSTEM AND CEREBELLUM
PROTO REPTILIAN BRAIN
INSTINCTS
REPTILE
EMOTIONS
MAMMAL
PERCEPTION (AWARENESS) COGNITION (MEMORY) BEHAVIOR (DECISION-MAKING)
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
RATIO
HUMAN
INSTINCTS
REPTILE
PRIMARILY
PHYSIOLOGICAL
NEEDS
FEELINGS &
EXPRESSIONS
REASON &
PLANNING
CULTURE &
TRADITIONS THREE STAGES OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
PRIMING CONDITIONING
500.000.000250.000.00050.00020.0005.000
HUMAN BRAINS EVOLVED TO BE MORE RESPONSIVE
TO ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
2
HUMAN
53. ERIKSCHOPPEN.COMHuth, A. G., de Heer, W. A., Griffiths, T. L., Theunissen, F. E., & Gallant, J. L. (2016).
SHARED NEURAL NETWORKS
54. ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
SHARED NEURAL NETWORKS
HAPPINESS & TRUST IS ABOUT SHARING
NEURAL & SOCIAL CONNECTIONS
HAPPINESS & TRUST IS ABOUT SHARING
NEURAL & SOCIAL CONNECTIONS
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COMHuth, A. G., de Heer, W. A., Griffiths, T. L., Theunissen, F. E., & Gallant, J. L. (2016). gallantlab.org/huth2016/
55. GALLANTLAB.ORG UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
ASSOCIATIONS IN NEURAL NETWORKS
TRUST ASSOCIATIONS ARE CONNECTED TO OTHER ASSOCIATIONS
When making
decisions,
the strongest
connections
win.
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
60. cup of coffee
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
WALKING TROUGH A FOREST:
The more you
activate neural
connections,
the stronger the
connections
cup coffee
thee
sugar
mother
milk
dad
childhood friend
playingschool
66. BALANCE
Physical level Instinct driven
reflex, subconscious, habits, conditioning
risk, reward, impuls, bonding, experiences
fairness, flow, empathic, leadership
reflect, conscious, slow, associations
Behavior (Homeostatis)
Well-being (Keeper & Seeker)
Shared Growth (Pro-Social & Sustainable)
Personal Growth (Understanding)
Emotional level Response driven
Mental level Knowledge driven
Transcendental level Purpose driven
Do
Feel
ink
Be
Semantic
Holistic
Episodical
Procedural PAST
FUTURE
PRESENT
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
EVOLUTION OF MANKIND
BALANCE
fairness, flow, empathic, leadershipShared Growth (Pro-Social & Sustainable)
Transcendental level Purpose drivenBe
Holistic
FUTURE
Two types of happiness:
The first is being happy in your life
The second is being happy about your life
Two types of happiness:
The first is being happy in your life
The second is being happy about your life
70. ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM
POSITIVE TOWARDS SOCIAL
AND SUSTAINABLE
NEGATIVE TOWARDS POLLUTION
AND DESTRUCTIBLE
EMOTIONAL CIRCUITS IN NEURAL NETWORKS
INFLUENCE ENVIRONMENTAL DECISIONS
activating septum/accumbens activating insula/amygdala
enjoyable experiences negative experiences
72. Our brain is an example of
nature’s power to develop a
sustainable solution
that rewards you
for thinking positive and
being socially and
sustainably aware.
ERIKSCHOPPEN.COM