3. HUGE thanks to...
http://www.slideshare.net/mrettig/interaction-design-history
marc rettig
marcrettig.com
interaction
presented at
design history
in a teeny
carnegie
mellon
university
2 april 2004
mrettig@well.com
little nutshell
version 1.5
Monday 15 March 2010
4. when? what?
• tekst -> grafisch: 1955
• windows 95: 1995
• touchscreen: 2000
• 3D: 1990 (spellen, CAD)
• muis: ’60
4
Monday 15 March 2010
5. when? what? ... 2009
• text -> grafisch: 1982
• touchscreen: 1995 -> nu
• force feedback: 1990
• menu: 1982
• scherm: 1955
• muis: 1970
5
Monday 15 March 2010
6. wiring the ENIAC with a new program
ENIAC
1946
Mauchly and Eckert
stats:
3,000 cubic feet
30 tons
18,000 vacuum tubes
70,000 resistors
170 kilowatt power req.
~1 kilobit memory
approximate processing power of today’s
singing birthday card
but not a stored-program device
Great description here: www.computinghistorymuseum.org/teaching/lectures/pptlectures/7b-eniac.ppt
Monday 15 March 2010
7. front panel switches
DEC PDP-8
TI 980
1960’s
The internal architecture of the
machine is exposed in the
controls. You can see that the
PDP-8 is an octal computer,
with its switches in three-bit
configurations (it takes three
bits to count from 0 to 7, for a
total of 8 numbers. Base 8.
Octal. Get it?). The TI 980 is a
hexadecimal machine, with
switches in groups of four. Using
the switches, you program the
machine one word at a time (a
word being, say, two
hexadecimal bytes for the TI).
Monday 15 March 2010
9. batch processing: feed it cards, wait while it runs
What you used to do
punch a deck of cards; take
the cards to a little window,
hand them to the operator; she
puts them in line with everyone
else’s jobs; when it’s your turn
she puts your cards in the
hopper and pushes “RUN”; your
program works or it doesn’t; an
hour or twelve later, you pick up
your cards and (hopefully)
printout at the same little
window.
What you do now
double-click an icon, see what
happens immediately.
Monday 15 March 2010
10. preparing punch cards
An important by-product:
confetti. All the chaff from all
those cards was just great to
throw around the dorm.
Monday 15 March 2010
11. preparing punch cards
Each key press punches holes,
so there’s no “erase.” Fixing a
mistake almost always required
ejecting the card and starting it
over.
In a pinch – say you really
needed to fix a card and the
punch was down – a clever
operator might know enough
about the card encoding to
close some holes with tape and
open others with a knife.
So on the one hand, we were
adapting to the machines. On
the other hand, the workings of
the machines were exposed,
right out where we could get to
them.
Monday 15 March 2010
12. punch cards
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FortranCardPROJ039.agr.jpg
12
Monday 15 March 2010
15. at home, it’s still the switches – but what to do with it?
MITS Altair 8800
1975
One of the first commercially
available home computers.
You ordered it. You built it. You
operated it through front
panel switches.
Monday 15 March 2010
21. WIMP
• Windows
Icons
Menus, and
Pointing devices
• Characteristics
• intuitive
• consistent
• forgiving
• protective
• But not necessarily best
for expert!
20
Monday 15 March 2010
22. Turing Award 1988 Ivan Sutherland: Sketchpad (1962)
21 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USyoT_Ha_bA
Monday 15 March 2010
23. D. Engelbart, Augment
• Stanford Research Institute
• invented interactive
computing (mouse,
windows, groupware, ...)
• team went to Xerox PARC
• now: bootstrap institute
• http://www.bootstrap.org/
22
Monday 15 March 2010
24. D. Engelbart, Augment
• demo at 1968 Fall
Joint Computer
Conference
• video, microwave
transmission, ...
• http://
sloan.stanford.edu/
mousesite/
1968Demo.html
• http://
www.youtube.com
/watch?
v=X4kp9Ciy1nE
23
Monday 15 March 2010
29. Fast forward to …
now :) !
Text
Text
http://flash.kmi.open.ac.uk:8080/fm/fmm.php?code=c785a5-890&room=fm890
26
Monday 15 March 2010
30. Fast forward to …
now :) !
Text
Text
http://hyperscope.org/
http://flash.kmi.open.ac.uk:8080/fm/fmm.php?code=c785a5-890&room=fm890
26
Monday 15 March 2010
31. Fast forward to …
now :) !
Text
Text
http://hyperscope.org/
http://flash.kmi.open.ac.uk:8080/fm/fmm.php?code=c785a5-890&room=fm890
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3914718330476864051&q=doug+engelbart
26
Monday 15 March 2010
35. a tool for home and small business calculations
visicalc
Dan Bricklin
1979
Finally people had a reason to
buy a home computer
(specifically, an Apple II): so
they could use VisiCalc, the first
spreadsheet.
THE place to learn about Visicalc: www.bricklin.com/visicalc.htm
Download a working version!
Monday 15 March 2010
36. Macintosh, 1984
31 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0FtgZNOD44
Monday 15 March 2010
37. Macintosh, 1984
31 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0FtgZNOD44
Monday 15 March 2010
38. All 39 pages of advertising that Apple bought in a 1984 issue of newsweek are available here: http://www.aci.com.pl/mwichary/
computerhistory/ads/macnewsweek
Monday 15 March 2010
56. The future has already arrived.
It's just not evenly distributed yet.
50
Monday 15 March 2010
57. what did you...
• like most?
• want most?
• dislike most?
• fear most?
• ...?
and why...
51
Monday 15 March 2010
58. • brein-interface beangstigend
• niks meer fysisch :-(
• ook input?
• bumptop: not windows/apple
• en al beschikbaar
• :-( show, wat met werk (compiz?), effect
• microsoft conceptfilm: computer is weg/
alles is computer -> goedkoper?
• table touch bureau, minority report, ...
52
Monday 15 March 2010
