presentatio by our studiomates during history classes

1. ARK532 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE IV
TIMURID
ARCHITECTURE
GROUP MEMBERS :
MOHAMAD HAFIZ BIN HASSAN
MUHAMMAD AKHTIAR BIN HALIPAH
NUR AINUN BASYIERAH BINTI NORDIN
NURSHILA BINTI SULAIMAN
MAISARAH BNTI MASHOR
HAFIZATULAIN BINTI SUMARNO

2. T I M U R I D A R C H I T E C T U R E
TIMURID EMPIRE
TURKEY UZBEKISTAN
TAJIKISTAN
IRAQ IRAN AFGHANISTAN
PAKISTAN
SAUDI
ARABIAN

3. T I M U R I D A R C H I T E C T U R E
INTRODUCTION
Timurid architecture is the pinnacle
of Islamic art in Central Asia.
The style is largely derived from Persian
architecture.
Axial symmetry is a characteristic of all
major Timurid structures, notably the Shah-e
Zendah in Samarkand and the mosque
of Gowhar Shad in Mashhad.
Double domes of various shapes
abound, and the outsides are perfused with
brilliant colors

4. T I M U R I D A R C H I T E C T U R E
INTRODUCTION

5. ULUGH BEG MADRASA (1417-1420)
Samarkand, Uzbekistan

6. ULUGH BEG MADRASA
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Ulugh Beg's madrasah is located on the Registan Square.
The building is rectangular in shape, measuring 56 by 81 meters, and encloses a
courtyard (30 meters a side) with four axial ivans.
There are minarets at each of its four corners and a 34.7 meter tall entrance
portal on the facade that faces the Registan.
 two smaller entrances on the sides of the madrasah. (open onto the courtyard)

8. ULUGH BEG MADRASA
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
two smaller entrances on the sides of the
madrasah. (open onto the courtyard)
Around the courtyard, on two stories, are fifty
rooms, which could house one hundred students,
and two lecture halls.

9. ULUGH BEG MADRASA
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
The Ulugh Beg Madrasah, built during
the Timurid Empire era of Timur-
Tamerlane, has an imposing Iwan portal
with lancet arch facing the square.

10. ULUGH BEG MADRASA
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
The corners are flanked by the high
well-proportioned minarets.
The mosaic panel over the iwan's
entrance arch is decorated by
geometrical stylized ornaments.
The square courtyard includes a
mosque, lecture rooms, and is fringed
by the dormitory cells in which
students lived.
There are deep galleries along the
axes.

11. ULUGH BEG MADRASA
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
DOUBLE DOME - A dome which is hollow inside; it has two
layers, one which is in the interior and roofs the room below,
the other or the external surface which proclaims the
monument from afar

12. ULUGH BEG MADRASA
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Originally the Ulugh Beg Madrasah was
a two-storied building with four
domed darskhonas (lecture rooms) at
the corners.
The Ulugh Beg Madrasah was one of
the best clergy universities of the entire
Muslim Orient in the 15th Century CE.
Abdurakhman Djami, a prominent
poet, scientist and philosopher studied
there.
Ulugh Beg himself gave lectures there.
During Ulugh Beg's government the
madrasah was a centre of secular
science.

13. ULUGH BEG MADRASA
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
• Trademarks of the Timurid style were
monumental scale, multiple minarets, polychromy
tilework, and large bulbous double domes.
• The decoration of the madrasah, emphasizes the
color blue, with light and dark blue tiles.
(calligraphic representation of sacred names
within geometric outlines -hazarbaf technique)

14. THE BIBI KHANUM MOSQUE
Samarkand, Uzbekistan

15. THE BIBI KHANUM MOSQUE
Architectural element
• THE 4 FRAGMENTS MARK THE FOUR
CENTRAL POINTS OF THE COURTYARD
MOSQUE
• EAST-WEST AXIS : 1. entrance portal
with MINARET
2. immense domed
sanctuary with an
iwan flanked by minarets
• North-south axis : two smaller iwans
and domed chambers that punctuated
the long
sides of the courtyard.
East-west axis

16. Layout plan

17. Section of double dome

18. THE BIBI KHANUM MOSQUE
DOME
1. DOUBLE DOME
• Have outer and inner dome.
• The high outer dome is to cover a
structural inner dome.
• Stabilize by projecting brick ribs
2. Ribbed dome
North-south axis

19. THE BIBI KHANUM MOSQUE
Bibi khanum Friday mosque
samarkad uzbeskistan.
One of the biggest mosque in the world.
Construction was completed between 1399
and 1404.
1974 the government of the then-Uzbek
SSR began to reconstruct the mosque
The length of the outer walls is to 167 m.
longways and 109 m in width.
The cupola of the main chamber reaches a
height of 40 metres
the entranceway is 35 metres high.
There is a large marble Qur'an stand in the
centre of the courtyard

20. THE BIBI KHANUM MOSQUE
Decorative element
• The symmetry and geometrical patterns
are Persian-inspired, and the detailed
ornamentation and calligraphy is of
Ilkhanid influence.
• Patterns of square kufic from the Bibi
Khanum Mosque at Samarkand

21. THE BIBI KHANUM MOSQUE

22. THE BIBI KHANUM MOSQUE
• precious stones bronze and gold captured during his
conquest of India
• Domes are characteristic of Persian architecture and are used
throughout most of the Islamic world, the exterior and
interiors of which are usually decorated with varying shades
of blue, white, and gold and employ axial symmetry in their
design.
• elaborate application of repeating geometric forms that
typically features fluid and complex shapes, plants, and
animals. The point of the arabesque is to express
comprehensive and complex spirituality without using
iconography or featuring humans, which is usually forbidden
in Islamic art.
• floral and calligraphic ornamentation with gold inscription

23. AQ SARAY PALACE

24. AQ SARAY PALACE
Location : Shakhrizabz, Uzbekistan
Style/period : Timurid
Century : 14
Building type : Palatial
Building usage : Palace
The Aq Saray palace was built by Timur in
1379-1396 CE. Today only fragments of the
massive entrance portal remains.
When completed the entrance portal was 22
meters wide and 50 meters high.
Inside the portal would have been a large
courtyard with a water basin surrounded by
two-story living accommodations.

25. AQ SARAY PALACE
The palace took on several functions: it
was the place for recreation and
entertainment of the royal family, as
well as administration building for
running state affairs.
On the axis of the courtyard there were
domed quarters for holding sessions of
divan – council of state.
One of the pools was intended for holy
fish. The pools were fed by the water
flowing in the lead conduit from the
nearby mountains.
The portal niche is decorated with
elegant mosaics and carved majolica as
well as quotations from Koran executed
in sulus script.

26. The construction works were carried The resplendent exterior decoration covering
out on a ‘kingly scale’ indeed the walls and domes of the Ak-Saray palace
still arouses admiration.
Large scale geometrical ornamental patterns
on its facades are made of dark and light blue
glazed bricks.
Glittering against the polished brick
background they impart a particular
picturesqueness and grandeur to the building

27. Allah.
Translation of the kufic in the
pattern. Muhammad.
Ali (quadruple)

28. AQ SARAY PALACE
The construction of the palace was
started in 1380 and lasted more than
25 years.
It is known that architects and
handicraftsmen from
Khorezm, shortly before subjugated
by Temur, took part in the
construction of the palace.
Several legends are connected with
the history of this grandiose structure.
As one of them says, some gold sand
was put into the clay intended for
making the first bricks for the royal
structure.

29. The walls of the palace, as well as the
palace square, were decorated with tiled
mosaics presenting combination of
blue, green, yellow, and red colours.
The colossal corner tower was girdled by
a dictum made in Kufic script: “Sultan is
the shadow of Allah”
Aq Saray is a very broad and lofty door
way, ornamented with gold and blue patterns
on glazed tiles, richly and beautifully worked.

30. At the end of the 16th century Shakhrisabz
rebelled against the rule of Sheibanid
dynasty. After the siege of the disobedient
city, Abdullakhan II ordered to destroy Ak-
Saray as well as other Timurid’s
constructions.
In the 1760s the ruins of Amir Temur’s
palace were within the residential quarters
of Shakhrisabz bek.
Only huge abutments of portal arch have
survived, yet until now these remains of the
former splendeur symbolize the might of
Amir Temur’s state.

31. AMIR BURUNDUQ
A MAUSOLEUM

32. AMIR BURUNDUQ A MAUSOLEUM
• The Amir Burunduk Mausoleum is
located within the Shah-i Zinda
funerary complex; mausolea built
between the eleventh and fifteenth
centuries that form a string of
spectacular tilework down the
southern slope of the Afrasiyab
hill, north of Samarkand.

33. • Popularly identified as the tomb of Timur's general,
Amir Burunduk, no epigraphic or literary evidence
confirms this attribution.
• This square domed chamber adjoins the southern
structure of the Tuman Aqa complex.
• A pishtaq, of which only the northern half still stands,
faces the Shah-i Zinda corridor.
• The portal retains carved terracotta revetment from
the late fourteenth century.
• The decoration of the remaining fragment of the
pishtaq, however, dates from the early fifteenth
century.

34. • The interior walls are articulated with three
arches above a dado of hexagonal underglaze
painted tiles; the central arches are
structurally formed as a shallow niche, flanked
by blind arches formed from plaster, set in
plaster rectangular frames.
• The central niche of the southern wall
originally opened for access.

35. • The zone of transition consists of an octagonal
course with muqarnas squinches, and a sixteen-
sided collar below the dome.
• The interior of the conical dome is decorated with
plaster moldings in a geometrical eight-pointed
star design.
• A sixteen-sided exterior drum wraps the interior
zone of transition, and would have supported an
outer dome which, it is believed, was never built.

36. • The cruciform crypt containing nine graves
was uncovered in 1925. The brick
structure, possibly of re-used pre-Mongol
bricks, provides the foundations for the
mausoleum above.

37. Detail of the remains of a decorative tile
revetment

38. square dome
Exterior view from the southeast,
with the portal fragment of the
anonymous mausoleum II 'Ulugh
Sultan Begum' in the foreground and
the dome of theTuman Aqa
mausoleum in the background

39. Detail of the façade from within the Shah-i An interior corner
Zindeh corridor

40. Interior detail of crumbling construction Interior, detail view of the zone of transition
and the dome

41. Detail of interior tile dado

42. Interior, corner with muqarnas squinch in the corner with muqarnas squinch in the
zone of transition zone of transition, and the dome

43. The End
Thank You