1. Sedimentary rocks

2. sediment Solid fragments of inorganic or organic material that come from the weathering of rock and are carried and deposited by wind, water, or ice.

3. 3 types of sedimentary rocks 1. clastic 2. chemical 3. organic

4. Sedimentary rocks 1. clastic rocks: formed from fragments of OTHER rocks. e.g. shale, sandstone, conglomerate 2. chemical 3. organic

5. shale Shale is a clastic sedimentary rock that is made up of clay-size (less then 1/256 millimeter in diameter) weathering debris. It typically breaks into thin flat pieces.

6. sandstone

7. conglomerate

8. 3 types of sedimentary rocks 1. clastic: shale, sandstone, conglomerate 2. chemical: sedimentary rocks formed when form when dissolved materials precipitate from solution (by evaporation or chemical action) E.g. rock salt, some limestones 3. organic

9. Rock salt (halite)

10. limestone

11. 3 types of sedimentary rocks 1. clastic: shale, sandstone, conglomerate 2. chemical: rock salt, some limestones 3. organic: formed from remains of plants and animals. E.g. some limestones, coal

12. limestones

13. Limestone forming environment a coral reef system from the Kerama Islands in the East China Sea southwest of Okinawa. Here the entire seafloor is covered by a wide variety of corals which produce calcium carbonate skeletons.

14. coal

15. coal forms from the accumulation and preservation of plant materials, usually in a swamp environment

16. 3 types of sedimentary rocks 1. clastic 2. chemical 3. organic How do clastic rocks form

17. Clastic rocks 1. Come from the weathering of other rocks. 2. From small to large fragments, ranging from pebbles to gravels to microscopic flakes. 3. Carried by winds, waves, and water. 4. sediments are deposited when a stream slows down.

18. Clastic rocks 5. IMPORTANT: Dissolved minerals like silica, calcite, and iron oxide act as cement, or glue. These minerals settle into the spaces between sand grains or pebbles, and bind the fragments.

19. Sorting of sediments

20. conglomerate

21. conglomerate Formed from pebbles, sand grains Quartz is the most common mineral. (it’s very durable)

22. sandstone

23. sandstone Formed largely from grains of quartz. Up to 30% of sandstones may be air space, making them porous and permeable.

24. shale

25. shale Formed from tiny clay flakes. (of mineral kaolin)

26. shale Smooth, soft, brittle