Invited Talk at Confluence 2020, Amity University, Noida, Greater Noida

1. Towards a Smart (City) Data Science
Dr Enrico Daga
Research Fellow - Knowledge Media Institute - The Open University
Confluence-2020 - Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. January 2020
enrico.daga@open.ac.uk | @enridaga | http://www.enridaga.net/
A case-based retrospective on policies, processes, and agents

2. https://isds.kmi.open.ac.uk/

3. A large collaborative initiative (£16M) to support city innovation in Milton Keynes.

4. Technical Infrastructure for Research and Development
Catalogue of datasets relevant for the city of Milton Keynes
Development environment for Smart City applications
Environment for Data Science research and education
Innovation platform // SMEs pilots http://datahub.mksmart.org

5. Data Science with heterogeneity
Data sources
Licensing
Policing
Ownerships
Provenance
Privacy
Sharing

6. Top MK is a virtual card playing game where each card
represents a ward in Milton Keynes, with characteristics such
as area, population, level of qualifications, etc.
Two players, one human and the other automatic, try to win
the other’s cards by choosing the characteristic that has the
best chance to win against the other card.

7. The problem of exploitability
"Data exploitability" is the assessment of the policies associated
with the data resulting from the computation of diverse datasets in
complex data flows.
• Data come from different owners and have different licenses.
• Data are processed into new data before being reused.
• What are the policies that apply to the output data?
Could we commercialise
such a game?

8. Policy Propagation
How to support data managers on
making aware developers about the
policies an output might derive from the
data sources?
Three Components:
• Licence Model - W3C ODRL
• Process Model - The Datanode
Ontology
• Rules -Policy Propagation Rules
http://purl.org/datanode/ns/

9. Policy Propagation
propagates(duty:attribution,processed into)
…
has(dataset1,permission:DerivativeWorks)
has(dataset1,duty:attribution)
…
ODRL - License and Terms of Use
Datanode - Process
Policy Propaga:on Rules
has(output, duty:attribution)
has(output, permission:commercialise)
…
has(X,P) ⋀ propagates(P,R) ⋀
relation(R,X,Y) → has(Y,P)
These are the
policies derived from
the sources!
http://purl.org/datanode/ns/

10. Holistic approach to metadata management

11. https://www.citylabs.org.uk/

12. CityLABS
• A place for SMEs to work with academic and
industry leaders to develop concepts into
prototypes for new products and services.
• Urban Business Lab
• Tech Design
• Prototype Evaluation
• Access to the MK Data Hub.
• We supported more than 40 SMEs in 2 years

13. Impact case: My New Term
Eduvocation primary business relates to
job advertising in the education settings
The developers of MyNewTerm built the
first pilot of a geo-spatial search engine
with the MK Data Hub (now online!)
We are helping them to reuse Open Data
(UK Census statistics) to assign quality of
life indicators to places and use them to
recommend job adverts with relation to
teachers’ life interests
enrico.daga@open.ac.uk
https://www.mynewterm.com/

14. http://datahub.mksmart.org/demos/eduvocation/
Quality of Life: “dynamic” indicators

15. • 5G connectivity will enable an increased amount of data to
be collected in real-time
• City Systems can exchange their data to support services
• These certainly include personal and sensitive data (e.g.
health records can support emergency response)
• Relevant information is hard to identify: large amount of
heterogeneous data
• Not all information is helpful
Privacy-aware City Systems

17. Privacy-aware City Systems (work in progress)
How to reuse live health records to support early emergency response?
How to maximise UTILITY and minimise DISCLOSURE?
Approach:
1. Synthetic Dataset of Healthcare Records in FHIR (Synthea)
2. Analysis of National H&S guidelines for evacuation
Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan (PEEP)
3. FHIR Schema Annotation (ontology-based approach)
4. Reasoning about time and validity (e.g. conditions that are chronic vs temporary)
5. Common sense reasoning (e.g. relying on ConceptNET, Wikidata, …)
6. Classification of need (Mobility, Respiratory, Mental, …)
https://github.com/synthetichealth/synthea

18. SciRoc is a EU funded project whose aim is to bring robotic tournaments in the context of smart cities.
The first international competition took place in Milton Keynes, on 18-21 September 2019.
Challenge comprises 5 episodes, testing Human-Robot Interaction, Navigation, Manipulation, Autonomous
Flying, Humanoid Robotics and Interaction with smart city infrastructure.
http://sciroc.eu

20. The role of the MK Data Hub
• To simulate the smart city environment during the competition, for example, by
providing the Coffee shop Menu in E03 or by keeping track of the status of the
inventory in E07
• To configure the benchmark parameters (e.g. change the order for E07)
• To monitor (status & location) and report on the internal status of the robots

21. To engage with the public, by displaying the status reports from the
robots on the screens distributed around the arenas (and on the
@mkdatahub Twitter account!), adding an important element of
storytelling and explainability to the sometimes unclear behaviours of
the robots
The role of the MK Data Hub

23. The role of the MK Data Hub
More than 200k data points were sent by robots during 3 days of trials.
This information can be reused
• (a) to enable a deeper analysis of the shortcomings of robots,
• (b) to compare the performance of the same robot in different trials, and in different
competitions among the years, as well as
• (c) for archival purposes.
Ultimately, recording robot messages and analysing their behaviour may constitute the
first step towards benchmarking elements such as self-awareness and deliberation
capabilities.

24. https://datahub.mksmart.org/demos/sciroc-replay/
SciRoc Replay!

25. Towards a (Smart) City Data Science
Policy and Process Reasoning
• Not only access control! Understanding the process at the knowledge level is
key
• Data from distributed sensor networks require this management layer
• We need a holistic approach to (meta)data management
Personalised, adaptable analytic pipelines
• One size does not fit all!
• Workflow engines just put the problem on users
• We need to work on how to make our methods more flexibles.
• Knowledge engineering, e.g. problem solving methods have something to say here.

26. Towards a (Smart) City Data Science
Privacy
• Managing who is affected by the disclosure of information is key to enable
deployment of distributed (smart city) systems
• Need methods for translating information requirements to processing
pipelines
• We cannot tackle privacy without understanding utility!
Explainable Agents
• Being able to monitor agents’ intentions is key to (a) assess their capabilities of
interpreting the context, and (b) to enable other robots (and city systems) to
dynamically cooperate
• We need work on how to represent and reason upon their goals and deliberations

27. Thank you
Towards a privacy-aware information system for emergency response. (2019) Morales Tirado, Alba, Enrico Daga, and
Enrico Motta. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and
Management, pp. 1411-1413.
Propagation of policies in rich data flows. (2015) E Daga, M d'Aquin, A Gangemi, E Motta. Proceedings of the 8th
International Conference on Knowledge Capture, 5
A BASILar approach for building web APIs on top of SPARQL endpoints. E Daga, L Panziera, C Pedrinaci. CEUR
Workshop Proceedings 1359, 22-32
An incremental learning method to support the annotation of workflows with data-to-data relations. (2016) E
Daga, M d’Aquin, A Gangemi, E Motta. European Knowledge Acquisition Workshop, 129-144
Addressing exploitability of smart city data. (2016) E Daga, M d'Aquin, A Adamou, E Motta. 2016 IEEE International
Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), 1-6
Reasoning with data flows and policy propagation rules. (2018) E Daga, A Gangemi, E Motta. Semantic Web 9 (2),
163-183
Robot–City Interaction: Mapping the Research Landscape—A Survey of the Interactions Between Robots and
Modern Cities. I Tiddi, E Bastianelli, E Daga, M d’Aquin, E Motta. International Journal of Social Robotics, 1-26
Update of time-invalid information in knowledge bases through mobile agents. I Tiddi, E Daga, E Bastianelli, M
d'Aquin
enrico.daga@open.ac.uk