Floods, which can be either slow onset or rapid onset events (i.e., flash floods), occur when a locale cannot process the amount of water that it is receiving in a normal manner. Communities throughout the world know why it is urgent for their stakeholders to continue working on becoming FLOOD and especially FLOOD-INDUCED LANDSLIDE DISASTER RESILIENT. Each community knows that it is only a matter of time until the inevitable flood event occurs that can expose its physical and social vulnerabilities. THE REASONS FOR A FLOOD DISASTER TO OCCUR: The community is UN-PREPARED for the flood hazards (INUNDATION, LANDSLIDES, etc.,) that are likely to happen. The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or LAND USE PLANS or ORDINANCES in place as a strategic framework for identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures. The community has NO EARLY WARNING SYSTEM or COMMINITY EVACUATION PLANS in place as a strategic framework for identi-fication and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures. The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations in a timely and cost-effective manner. The community is INEFFECIVE during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED IMPORTANT LESSONS from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.

1. NOTABLE EVENTS AND DISASTERS OF 2014
HIGHLIGHTS OF FLOODS

2. 2014: FLOODS ARE A GLOBAL
NATURAL HAZARD CONTINUUM
• FLOODS
• SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
• EARTHQUAKES
• DROUGHTS
• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• ETC.

3. FLOODS
• Floods occur somewhere in the
world 10,000 times or more
each year.

4. FLOOD-INDUCED LANDSLIDES
• Many of the global flood
occurrences also trigger
landslides, mudslides,
mudflows, and rock falls.

5. FLOODS
• Floods, which can be either
slow onset or rapid onset
events (i.e., flash floods), occur
when a locale can not process
the amount of water that it is
receiving in a normal manner.

6. FLOODS
occur when water accumulates
too rapidly to be processed in
the locale from: a) natural
events such as rainfall and
snow melt, b) storm surge and
heavy rain from hurricanes and
typhoons, and c) tsunami waves

9. THE “PINEAPPLE EXPRESS”
FLOODS
• Pineapple Express is a non-
technical, meteorological term for
an “atmospheric river” of moisture
from the waters adjacent to the
Hawaiian Islands that extend to
any location along the Pacific
coast of North America.

10. LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
FLOODS
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS
DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES
(HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND
WATER
CAUSES
OF RISK
CASE HISTORIES

11. WIND PENETRATING
BUILDING ENVELOPE
SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS
STORM SURGE
IRREGULARITIES IN
ELEVATION AND PLAN
SITING PROBLEMS
FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
“DISASTER
LABORATORIES”

12. HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF
INCOMING WAVES
TSUNAMIS
INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE
RUNUP
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE
RUNUP
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF
BUILDINGS
FLOODING
INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL
AND VERTICAL EVACUATION
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF
TSUNAMI
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
“DISASTER
LABORATORIES”

13. NOTE: INUNDATION BECOMES
A POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENT
WHEN IT a) TRIGGERS LANDSLIDES,
b) INTERACTS WITH A COMMUNITY’S
BUILDINGS, CRITICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE, CROPS, AND c)
CREATES A FAVORABLE
ENVIRONMENT FOR INFECTIOUS
DISEASES

14. 2014: EXAMPLES OF NOTABLE
FLOOD EVENTS
FLOOD EVENTS
Flood-induced Mudslide in Washington
After the Iquique, Chile Tsunami
After Typhoon Hagupit in The
Philippines
The “Pineapple Express” in California

15. FLOOD-INDUCED
MUDSLIDE IN WASHINGTON
STATE, USA
SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 2014

16. LOCATION MAP

17. THE 2014 MUDSLIDE
• The slide, which occurred on
Saturday morning, was
triggered by heavy rainfall and
reported to be about 25 m (80
feet) deep in some parts.

18. THE 2014 MUDSLIDE
• Officials described the
mudslide as "a big wall of mud
and debris” that blocked about
a mile of State Route 530 near
the town of Oso, about 55 miles
north of Seattle.

19. WALL OF MUD MOVED
AFTER HEAVY RAINFALL

20. THE MUDSLIDE

21. THE MUDSLIDE

22. NEITHER THE LOCATION
NOR THE EVENT WERE A
SURPRISE

23. PRIOR PREPAREDNESS
ACTIVITIES
• In 2006 after a smaller landslide
occurred on the north fork of
the Stillaguamish River,
millions of dollars were spent
on regional mitigation
measures.

24. PRIOR PREPAREDNESS
ACTIVITIES
• In 2010, a report commissioned
by the county in order to be in
compliance with federal
regulations identified the
hillside that collapsed Saturday
outside of the community of
Oso as particularly susceptible.

25. The 15 million cubic foot
mudslide destroyed about
50 homes

26. PREPARING FOR SEARCH
AND RESCUE

27. THE DILEMNA FOR SEARCH
AND RESCUE TEAMS
• The debris pile was about a square mile
(2 1/2 square kilometers) and 30 to 80
feet (9 to 25 meters) deep in places,
with a surface that includes quicksand-
like muck, rain-slickened mud, and ice.
• The terrain was difficult to navigate on
foot and very treacherous when heavy
equipment was brought in.

28. THE DILEMNA FOR SEARCH
AND RESCUE TEAMS
• To make matters worse, the debris
pile includes other hazards such
as fallen trees, propane and septic
tanks, twisted vehicles, and
countless pieces of shattered
homes

29. --- AND CONTINUING
RAINFALL INCREASED THE
LIKELIHOOD OF FLASH
FLOODS AND ADDITIONAL
MUDSLIDES

30. SAR: SLOW, DANGEROUS WORK
WITH FEW SUCCESSES

31. 176 MISSING
14 DEAD
AS OF TUESDAY, MARCH 25

32. BUT RESCUE EFFORTS
CONTINUED….

33. Specialized teams and high-
tech equipment — including
technology to locate
cellphone pings under the
wreckage — were deployed

34. SLOW DANGEROUS WORK

35. Due to the dangerous
environment, as bodies were
being discovered underneath the
rubble, they are being flown out
together in groups each afternoon
instead of one at a time in
helicopters.

36. TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP
IN IQUIQUE, CHILE
APRIL 1, 2014

37. IQUIQUE, CHILE
EARTHQUAKE (April 1, 2014)

38. IQUIQUE, CHILE: FLOODING
FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP

39. TYPHOON HAGUPIT
STRIKES THE PHILIPPINES
December 6-8, 2014

40. Typhoon Hagupit made a
painfully slow landfall at 11
kph (7 mph) in the Philippines
on Saturday, lashing the island
of Samar with 200 kph (125
mph) winds and unloading at
least 40 cm (16 in) of rain over
coastal areas.

41. Typhoon Hagupit, known
locally asTyphoon Ruby, first
landed at Eastern Samar on
Saturday and moved slowly
across the country, bringing
heavy rains and strong winds.

42. 3 DAYS OF HEAVY RAINFALL

43. At least 21 people in the
Philippines were killed before
Typhoon Hagupit weakened
into a tropical storm Monday.
The storm forced more than
one million people out of their
homes and into shelters.

44. THE “PINEAPPLE EXPRESS”
STRIKES CALIFORNIA
11-14 DECEMBER 2014

45. A weather system fueled by the
"Pineapple Express," a long,
narrow atmospheric plume that
continuously piped moisture from
Hawaii into the western United
States, started delivering heavy
rainfall to the San Francisco area
and the entire state on 10
December.

46. RAIN, AND MORE RAIN

47. RAIN-INDUCED MUDSLIDE:
PACIFIC COAST HIGHWAY

48. RAIN-INDUCED ROCK SLIDE:
SOME HOUSES BURIED

49. BEYOND 2014:
Communities throughout the
world know why it is urgent for
their stakeholders to continue
working on becoming FLOOD
and FLOOD-INDUCED
LANDSLIDE DISASTER
RESILIENT

50. Each community knows that it
is only a matter of time until the
inevitable flood event e occurs
that can expose its physical and
social vulnerabilities

51. YOUR
COMMUNITY
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•MONITORING
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
BOOKS OF
KNOWLEDGE
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EARLY WARNING
•EM RESPONSE
•RECOSTRUCTION AND
RECOVERY
FLOOD DISASTER
RESILIENCE

52. THE PEOPLE CONTINUUM
7 + BILLION
(DISTRIBUTED IN
COMMUN-ITIES
AND RURAL
AREAS
THROUGHOUT
THE WORLD)

53. THE COMMUNITY CONTINUUM: (BUILDINGS.
INFRASTRUCTURE, ENTERPRISE)
• GOVERNMENTS
• DWELLINGS
• SCHOOLS
• HEALTH CARE
FACILITIES
• BUSINESSES
• INFRA-
STRUCTURE

54. THE REASONS FOR A FLOOD
DISASTER TO OCCUR. . .
The community is UN-PREPARED
for the flood hazards
(INUNDATION, LANDSLIDES, etc.,)
that are likely to happen.

55. THE REASONS ARE . . .
The community has NO DISASTER
PLANNING SCENARIO or LAND USE
PLANS or ORDINANCES in place as
a strategic framework for
identification and coordinated local,
national, regional, and international
countermeasures.

56. THE REASONS ARE . . .
The community has NO EARLY
WARNING SYSTEM or COMMINITY
EVACUATION PLANS in place as a
strategic framework for identi-
fication and coordinated local,
national, regional, and international
countermeasures.

57. THE REASONS ARE . . .
The community LACKS THE
CAPACITY TO RESPOND to the
full spectrum of expected and
unexpected emergency
situations in a timely and cost-
effective manner.

58. THE REASONS ARE . . .
The community is INEFFECIVE
during recovery and
reconstruction because it HAS
NOT LEARNED IMPORTANT
LESSONS from either the current
experience or the cumulative
prior experiences.