The objective of this presentation is to facilitate planning for the 3rd World Confeence On Disaster Risk Reduction to be convened in Japan in March 2015. Preparedness and emergency response are essential pillars of earthquiake disaster resilience. Prepareadness and emergency response in a community increase as the community’s capability to anticipate what will happen increases. Every time an earthquake disaster occurs, we have new knowledge to add to our “books of knowledge” on emergency response. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction.

1. 2014
A NEW FOCUS ON EARTHQUAKE
PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
Part 1 of 2 Parts

2. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS
PRESENTATION IS TO
FACILITATE PLANNING FOR THE
3rd
WORLD CONFEENCE
TO BE CONVENED IN JAPAN IN
2015

3. THE PERSPECTIVE IS THE
USA, BUT IT CAN BE
CHANGED TO THAT OF
ANOTHER NATION BY
SUBSTITUTING THE
APPROPRIATE PICTURES
AND INFORMATION

4. YOURYOUR
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
DATA BASESDATA BASES
AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•MONITORING
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
BOOKS OFBOOKS OF
KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EM RESPONSE
•RECOSTRUCTION AND
RECOVERY
EARTHQUAKE DISASTEREARTHQUAKE DISASTER
RESILIENCERESILIENCE

5. PREPAREDNESS
AND
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
ARE ESSENTIAL PILLARS OF
EARTHQUIAKE DISASTER
RESILIENCE

6. THE GOALTHE GOAL
DEMANDS ONDEMANDS ON
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
DEMANDS ONDEMANDS ON
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
EARTHQUAKE DISASTEREARTHQUAKE DISASTER
RESILIENCE:RESILIENCE:
CAPABILITIES OFCAPABILITIES OF
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
CAPABILITIES OFCAPABILITIES OF
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

7. REALITYREALITY
UNANTICIPATEDUNANTICIPATED
DEMANDS ONDEMANDS ON
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
UNANTICIPATEDUNANTICIPATED
DEMANDS ONDEMANDS ON
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
LACK OF EARTHQUAKELACK OF EARTHQUAKE
PREPAREDNESSPREPAREDNESS
INSUFFICIENTINSUFFICIENT
PREPAREDNESS OFPREPAREDNESS OF
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
INSUFFICIENTINSUFFICIENT
PREPAREDNESS OFPREPAREDNESS OF
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

8. REALITYREALITY
URGENT DEMANDSURGENT DEMANDS
ON COMMUNITYON COMMUNITY
URGENT DEMANDSURGENT DEMANDS
ON COMMUNITYON COMMUNITY
LACK OF EMERGENCYLACK OF EMERGENCY
RESPONSE CAPABILITYRESPONSE CAPABILITY
INSUFFICIENTINSUFFICIENT
CAPABILITY TOCAPABILITY TO
RESPOND TORESPOND TO
DEMANDS ONDEMANDS ON
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
INSUFFICIENTINSUFFICIENT
CAPABILITY TOCAPABILITY TO
RESPOND TORESPOND TO
DEMANDS ONDEMANDS ON
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

9. WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE
PREPAREDNESS?
Preparedness is
a state of readiness on individual,
urban, sub-regional, and national
scales that is sufficient to keep the
expected and unexpected effects of an
earthquake from causing a disaster

10. ANTICIPATION IS THE KEY
TO PREPAREDNESS
• STRONG GROUND SHAKING
• TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP
• LIQUEFACTION
• LANDSLIDES
• AFTERSHOCKS
• VULNERABILITIES

11. STRONG GROUND SHAKING

12. GROUND SHAKING CAUSES
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LOSSES

13. AS COMMUNITY
PREPAREDNESS INCREASES,
SO DOES PROTECTION OF
BUILDINGS AND CRITICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE

14. WHAT IS PROTECTION?
(Protection is
a legally mandated state of planning
and verified robustness, strength,
and ductility for important buildings
and essential - critical infrastructure
to prevent loss of function

15. WHAT IS EMERGENCY RESPONSE
(Emergency Response is
All of the scripted and unscripted
heroic and historic responses during
the “race against time” after a quake
to save lives and protect property

16. KEY ELEMENTS OF
PREPAREDNESS
KNOW YOUR SEISMIC ACTIVITY
(i.e., SEISMICITY)
KNOW YOUR FAULT ZONES
KNOW YOUR VULNERABILITIES

17. PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
• PRONE TO
EARTHQUAKES
AND TSUNAMIS

18. EARTHQUAKES

19. FAULTS

20. STATES WITH THE MOST
EATHQUAKE ACTIVITY

21. THE USA’S MOST NOTABLE PLATE
BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE
• SAN ANDREAS
FAULT
• 600 MILES LONG
• SOURCE OF M8
EARTHQUAKES
IN 1847 AND 1906

22. THE USA’S OTHER NOTABLE PLATE
BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE
• THE JUAN DE
FUCA PLATE
• SUBDUCTING
BENEATH
WASHINGTON AND
OREGON;
• POTENTIAL FOR
M9.0

23. ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE
INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES
• WASATCH
FAULT (UTAH)
• 250 MILES LONG
• POTENTIAL
SOURCE OF
M7.0-7.5
EARTHQUAKES

24. ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE
INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES
• NEW MADRID
SEISMIC ZONE
• SOURCE OF
FOUR M8
EARTHQUAKES
IN 1811--1812

25. PREPAREADNESS AND
EM. RESPONSE IN A
COMMUNITY INCREASE AS THE
COMMUNITY’S CAPABILITY TO
ANTICIPATE
WHAT WILL HAPPEN
INCREASES

26. EXAMPLES OF FACTORS THAT
NEED TO BE ANTICIPATED
FOR STATE-OF-THE-ART
PREPAREDNESS PLANNING

27. SAN FRANCISCO: WHAT NEEDS
TO BE ANTICIPATED?
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?

28. WHAT NEEDS TO BE
ANTICIPATED (Continued)?
• WHAT KINDS OF
BUILDINGS ARE AT
RISK?
• WHAT KINDS OF BASIC,
ESSENTIAL, AND
CRITICAL INFRA-
STRUCTURE ARE AT
RISK?
• WHAT ARE THEIR
PHYSICAL VUL-
NERABILITIES

29. WHAT NEEDS TO BE
ANTICIPATED (Continued)?
• WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL
VULNERABILITIES
• WHAT IS THE LIKELY
DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION?
• WHAT ARE THE LIKELY
CASUALTIES, SOCIO-
ECONOMIC, AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS?

30. ANCHORAGE, AK: WHAT NEEDS
TO BE ANTICIPATED?
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?

31. SEATTLE, WA: WHAT NEEDS TO
BE ANTICIPATED?
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?

32. LOS ANGELES: WHAT NEEDS
TO BE ANTICIPATED?
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?

33. ALASKA, WASHINGTON,
OREGON, CALIF., PUERTO RICO
HOW BIG WILL
THE TSUNAMI
WAVE RUN UP
BE?

34. SAN JUAN, PR: WHAT NEEDS TO
BE ANTICIPATED?
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?

35. SALT LAKE CITY: WHAT NEEDS
TO BE ANTICIPATED?
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?

36. MEMPHIS,TN: WHAT NEEDS TO
BE ANTICIPATED?
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?

37. EVERY TIME AN EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW
KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO OUR
“BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE” ON
EMERGENCY RESPONSE

38. NOTE:
EM. RESPONSE IS HIGHLY
POLITICAL, SO
ONGOING COMMUNICATIONS WITH
NUMEROUS PUBLICS THROUGH
PRESS CONFERENCES AND THE
MEDIA WILL BE NEEDED

39. SITUATIONS ENCOUNTERED
DURING EM. RESPONSE
• DAMAGE; DEBRIS
• COLLAPSE
• TRAPPED
SURVIVORS
• SEARCH AND
RESCUE CLOCK
• FIRE
• INUNDATION
• EVACUATION
CENTERS
• EM. MEDICAL
• MASS CARE
• HAZ MAT
RELEASE
• INJURIES
• DEATHS

40. KEY ELEMENTS OF
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
• HISTORIC RESPONSES: The
professional and non-professional
responders will be making history for
at least forty-eight hours (a “place
holder” for the intense period of search
and rescue operations) and thirty days
(a “place holder” for the intense time of
the “no room for error” decisions) that
must be made.

41. KEY ELEMENTS OF
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
• HEROIC RESPONSES: The
professional and non-professional
responders will be working at the
margins of their capability for at least
twenty-four hours and twenty-one
days.

42. EXAMPLES OF HISTORIC
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
SITUATIONS

43. EXAMPLE: 240,000 DEAD WITHIN A FEW
MINUTES
• TANGSHAN, CHINA
(1976) EARTHQUAKE:
Centered beneath the
city, the earthquake
caused the impossible
situation; too late for a
race against time” to
save lives and protect
property.

44. EXAMPLE: 230,000 DEAD IN TSUNAMI
• INDONESIA (2004):
The impossible
situation thirty
minutes after the
quake; too late for
a race against
time” to save lives.

45. EXAMPLE: 88,000 DEAD; 50 MILLION
BUILDINGS DAMAGED IN MINUTES
• CHINA (2008):
• The impossible
situation; too late for a
race against time” to
save lives and
protect property.

46. EXAMPLE: 220,000 DEAD WITHIN A FEW
MINUTES
• HAITI (2010):
• The impossible
situation; too late for a
race against time” to
save lives and
protect property.

47. EXAMPLE: 30,000 DEAD WITHIN THIRTY
MINUTES FROM THE TSUNAMI
• JAPAN (2011):
• The impossible
situation; too late
for a race against
time” to save
lives and protect
property.

48. EXAMPLE: SEARCH AND RESCUE
• TURKEY (1999)
KOCALEI EARTH-
QUAKE):
• Timely responses
during a forty-eight
hour “race against
time” to save lives
and protect property

49. EXAMPLE: DAMAGE TO SCHOOL
• ALASKA (1964):
Timely search and
rescue during a
forty-eight hour
“race against time”
to save lives and
protect property

50. EXAMPLE: DAMAGE FROM TSUNAMI
WAVE RUN UP
• ALASKA (1964):
• Timely responses
during a thirty day
“race against time”
to save lives and
protect property

51. EXAMPLE: LIQIEFACTION
• NIIGATA, JAPAN
(1964):
• Timely responses
during a thirty day
“race against time”
to save lives and
protect property

52. EXAMPLE: COLLAPSE OF HIGH-RISE
APARTMENT BUILDINGS
• MEXICO CITY AFTER
1985 EARTHQUAKE:
Timely responses
during a forty-eight
hour and thirty day
“race against time”
save lives and protect
property

53. EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
ELEVATED HIGHWAY; DEATHS
• LOMA PRIETO, CA
(1989):
• Timely responses
during a forty-eight
hour and thirty day
“race against time”
to save lives and
protect property

54. EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION AND
COMMUTING CAPABILITY
• LOMA PRIETA, CA
EARTHQUAKE (1989):
• Timely responses
during a thirty day
“race against time” to
save lives and protect
property

55. EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION
• NORTHRIDGE, CA
(1994):
• Timely responses
during a thirty day
“race against time” to
save lives and protect
property

56. EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
ELEVATED EXPRESSWAY (NO DEATHS)
• KOBE, JAPAN
(1995): “The forty-
eight hour and
thirty day “race
against time” to
save lives and
protect property.

57. EXAMPLE: 600 FIRES
• KOBE, JAPAN
(1995): “The race
against time” to
save lives and
protect property.

58. CONCLUSION
EVERY TIME AN EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW
KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO OUR
“BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE”
TO BE USED WHEN ANTICIPATING
FUTURE IMPACTS

59. 2014
A NEW FOCUS ON
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS
AND RESPONSE
Continued as Part 2