1. SPEED CHECKER FOR HIGHWAYS
This speed checker will come handy for the highway traffic police as it will not only provide a
digital display in accordance with a vehicle’s speed but also sound alarm if the vehicle exceeds the
permissible limit for the highway. The system basically comprises two laser transmitter-LDR
sensor pairs, which are installed on the highway 100m apart, with the transmitter and the LDR
sensor of each pair on the opposite sides of the road. The installation of lasers and LDRs is shown.
The system displays the time taken by the vehicle in crossing this 100m distance from one pair to
the other with a resolution of 0.01 sec, from which the speed of the vehicle can be calculated as
follows:
Speed (kmph) = DistanceTime
or
Reading (on display) = 36,000/Speed.
as per the above equation, for a speed of 40 kmph the display will read 900(or 9 sec), and for a
speed of 60 kmph the display will read 600(or 6 sec).Note that the LSB of display equals 0.01 sec
and each succeeding digit is ten times the preceding digit. Similarly calculate the other readings (or
time).
It has been designed assuming that the maximum permissible speed for highways is either
40 or 60 kmph as per the traffic rule. The circuit is built around five NE555 timer ICs (IC1 to IC5),
four CD4026 counter ICs (IC6 to IC9) and four 7-segment Displays(DIS1 to DIS4).IC1 through
IC3 function as monostable, with IC1 as count-start mono, IC2 as output .Bistable set-reset IC4 is
also controlled by the outputs of IC1 and IC2 and (IC4),in turn, controls switching onoff of the
100Hz (period=0.01 sec) astable timer IC5. The time period of timer NE555(IC1) count start mono
stable multivibrator is adjusted using preset VR1 or VR2 and capacitor C1. For 40 kmph limit the
time period is set for 6 sec using preset VR2.Slide switch S1 is used to select the time period as per
the speed limit (40 kmph and 60 kmph , respectively). The junction of LDR1 and resistor R1 is
coupled to pin 2 of IC1. Normally, light from the laser keeps falling on the LDR Sensor
continuously and thus the LDR offers a low resistance and pin2 of IC1 is high.
Whenever light falling on the LDR is interrupted by any vehicle, the LDR resistance goes high and
hence pin2 of IC 2 goes low to trigger the monostable. As a result, output pin 3
Goes high for the preset period (6 or 9 sec) and LED1 glows to indicate it. Reset pin 4 is controlled
by the output of the NAND gate N3 at power on or whenever reset switch S2 is pushed.

2. For IC2, the monostable is trigged in the same way as IC1 when the vehicle intersects the laser
beam incident on LDR2 to generate small pulse fro stopping the count and for use in the speed
detection. LED2 glows for the duration for which pin3 of IC2 is high. The output of IC1 and IC2
are fed to input 2 and 1 of NAND gate N1 respectively. When the outputs of IC1 and IC2 go high
simultaneously (meaning that the vehicle has crossed the preset limit), output pin3 of gate low to
trigger monostable timer IC3.
The output of IC3 is used for driving PZ1, which alerts the operator of speed limit violation
.Resistor R9 and capacitor C5 decide the time period for which the piezobuzzer sound. The output
of IC1 triggers the bistable (IC4) through gate N2 at the leading edge of the count-start pulse.
When pin2 of IC4 goes low, the high output of IC2 is connected to pin3 enables astable clock
generator IC5.Since the count-stop pulse output of IC2 is connected to pin 6 of IC4 via diode D1, it
resets clock generator IC5.IC5 ca also be reset switch S2 is pressed. IC5 is configured as an astable
multivibrator whose time period is decided by preset VR3, resistor R12 and capacitor C10. Using
preset VR1, the frequency of the astable multivibrator is set as 100Hz. The output of IC5 is fed to
clock pin1 of decade counter 7 segment decoder IC6 4026. THE counter advances by one count at
the positive clock signal transition. The carry out signal from CD4026 provides on clock after
every ten clocks input to clock the succeeding decade counter in a multidecade counting chain.
This is achieved by connecting pin5 of each CD4026 to pin1 of the next CD4026.A reset signal
clears the counter to zero state. Pressing switch S2 provides a reset signal to pin15 of all CD4026
ICs and also IC1 and IC4.Capacitor C12 and resistor R14 generate the power on –reset signal.
The seven decoded output ‘a ‘ through ‘g’ of CD4026s illuminate the proper segment of the 7
segment displays(DIS1 through DIS4) used foe representing the decimal digits ‘0’ through ‘9’.The
circuit is powered by regulated power supply providing 5-12V constant. For activating lasers used
in conjunction with LDR1 and LDR2, separate batteries are used.
When any vehicle crosses the first laser light beam, will trigger IC1.The output of IC1 goes high
for the time set to cross 100m with the selected speed (60 kmph) and LED1 glows during for
period. When the vehicle crosses the second laser light beam, the output
and LED2 glows for this period .Piezobuzzer PZ1 sounds an alarm if the vehicle crosses the
distance between the laser setups at more than the selected speed (lesser period than preset
period).The counter starts counting when the laser beam is intercepted and stops when the second

3. laser beam is intercepted. The time taken by the vehicle to cross both the laser beams is displayed
on the 7 segment display.
APPLICATIONS
• Precision timing.
• Pulse generation.
• Time delay generation.
• Sequential timing.
SYNOPSYS

4. SPEED CHECKER FOR HIGHWAYS
Submitted by:-
Deepak Chauhan
Nikhil Jain
Sanjeev Sengar
Sandeep Kumar
Vipul Arora