6. CPS(Cyber Physical System) and Smart City
6
Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Korea
7. The Rise of Digital Twins in Smart Cities
<Source: https://www.smartcitiesworld.net/special-reports/special-reports/the-rise-of-digital-twins-in-smart-cities>
8. Digital Twin Market Forecast
8<Source: Managing change and culture to enable the shift towards smart built environment, Jakub Wachocki>
15. Level 1
3D Modeling &
Visualization
Level 2
Real-time
Monitoring
Level 3
Analysis, Prediction
Optimization
Level of Digital Twins
15
Element Defining principle Outline usage
0 Reality capture As-built survey
1 2D map/system or
3D model
Design/asset
optimisation and
coordination
2 Static data,
metadata and BIM
Stage 2
4D/5D simulation
3 Real-time data Operational
efficiency
4 Two-way data
integration and
interaction
Remote and
immersive operations
5 Autonomous
operations and
maintenance
Self-governance,
oversight and
transparency
<Source: https://theiet.org/digital-twins>
<Source: Use the IoT Platform Reference Model to Plan Your IoT Business Solutions, Gartner>
17. IDBE(Integrated Digital Built Environment)
17
“… to increase interoperability between the
geospatial and built environment domains,
specifically through coordination of standards
development… “
18. EuroSDR
18
<Source : http://www.eurosdr.net/research/current>
<Source : https://3d.bk.tudelft.nl/projects/eurosdr-geobim/>
The spatial data research interests of European
countries are represented through the membership
in EuroSDR of national organisations from their
production and research sectors.
19. National Digital Twin Programme
Building Locale Neighborhood City Region Nation
<Source: https://www.cdbb.cam.ac.uk/national-digital-twin-programme, and Jeremy Morley>
20. National Digital Twin Programme(U.K.)
20<Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChCNcLY6tKA>
21. UK National Digital Twin Programme Gemini Principles
<Source: The approach to delivering a National Digital Twin for the United Kingdom>
27. 27
디지털 트윈 기반 스마트 시티 플랫폼
<Source: ISO/IEC JTC1/WG11>
Stakeholders
Vision & Outcomes
Business Process Framework
Knowledge Management Framework
Engineering Framework
34. Wrapping Up – Benefits and Risks
Benefits Risks
• Reduced construction &
operating costs
• Cyber security
• Improved safety • Over selling &
expectations
• Increased productivity &
efficiency
• Increased complexity
and cost to implement
digital twins
• Optimised asset
performance &
sustainability
• Lack of standards
• Reduced conflict among
stakeholders
• Lack of professionals
• Increased collaboration • Lack of common
terminology and
knowledge
<Source: IET, Digital twins for the built environment>
35. 35
Criticism
<Source: https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/business-government/innovation/happens/articles-ehs/smart-cities-digital-technologies>
“Despite the futuristic images the term conjures, a “smart city”
is merely a well-managed city aided by digital technologies.
One of the primary challenges in achieving success for smart
cities, and the reason many initiatives have failed to make it
past the pilot stage, is that they have been driven by a focus
on implementing the technology rather than achieving the
end policy goal, such as improving access to education, or
better transport links.”
<Source: https://placesjournal.org/article/a-city-is-not-a-computer/?cn-reloaded=1>