1. “A SCANNER FOR HEREDITARY DEFECTS NEW
POSSIBILITIES IN GENETIC DAMAGE RECOGNITION
FOR IMPROVEMENT CANCER TREATMENT” AND
“DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE-PRONE
DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD BETTER CANCER
TREATMENTS” .
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
EMMANUEL SÁNCHEZ DÍAZ
SECOND YEAR MEDICAL STUDENT
MEDELLÍN
2013

4. INTRODUCTION.
DNA is very susceptible to
damages because of the
permanent exposure to
several mutagenic factors. In
addition, DNA has some
fragile sites which makes it
more vulnerable to damage
especially in early stages of
the division cell cycle .
The recognition of a new
protein in charge of repairing
DNA damages (first new), and
the locations where DNA is
fragile (Second new) are
advances that provides new
tools for the cancer
treatment.

5. A SCANNER FOR HEREDITARY DEFECTS: NEW
POSSIBILITIES IN GENETIC DAMAGE RECOGNITION
FOR IMPROVING CANCER TREATMENT.
Our genetic material is
permanently under the
effects of several factors
which may cause damages in
the sequence that usually are
repaired immediately by
molecular control systems
as p53 protein.

6. A SCANNER FOR HEREDITARY DEFECTS: NEW
POSSIBILITIES IN GENETIC DAMAGE RECOGNITION
FOR IMPROVING CANCER TREATMENT.
Scientists discovered a
specially function of XPD
protein in the recognition
of these specific damaged
locations in the sequences
facilitating it´s eventually
reparation.

7. A SCANNER FOR HEREDITARY DEFECTS: NEW
POSSIBILITIES IN GENETIC DAMAGE RECOGNITION
FOR IMPROVING CANCER TREATMENT.
The XPD protein glides among the bases in
search of damages in the sequence ,
scientists describe it as a scanner. When the
protein recognizes a damaged site, it stops
and marks the location for its posterior
reparation.
The protein is also involved in processes as
the cell cycle, genic expression, and others.

8. A SCANNER FOR HEREDITARY DEFECTS: NEW
POSSIBILITIES IN GENETIC DAMAGE RECOGNITION
FOR IMPROVING CANCER TREATMENT.
While repairing DNA, XPD
protein protects the
tissues health from
damages in the genetic
material, but it also
diminishes the activity of
some chemotherapeutic
drugs.

9. OP NION.

10. DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE –
PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD BETTER
CANCER TRETMENTS.
Cancer could comes from a
damage in a specific locations
in DNA sequence, these
sequences are thought to be
more vulnerable to damage.
Scientists discovered the
relationship between particular
fragile DNA sites and an specific
blood cancer called cell B
lymphoma.

11. DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE –
PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD BETTER
CANCER TRETMENTS.
The DNA damage could take
place in different stages of the
cell cycle, but it’s more
common to occur during the
early phases of the replication,
before division. There are
locations in the DNA sequence
that are more vulnerable to
DNA damages as the very
repetitive sequences where the
DNA could break easily.

12. DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE –
PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD BETTER
CANCER TRETMENTS.
Lymphocytes are cells with a high
division rate, that’s the reason why
they are more vulnerable suffering
damages during replication, in
addition during the non replicative
stage of the cell cycle, this cells
are very vulnerable to breaking in
the strand by the enzyme AID who
causes collateral damages in the
genome.
The AID have no activity in several
mutations associated in cell B
lymphoma.

13. DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE –
PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD BETTER
CANCER TRETMENTS.
The scientists discovered a new kind of fragile sites called
early replicating fragile sites (ERFSs) , the DNA damage at
ERFSs occurs during early stages of replication. These sites
have a high relationship with cell B lymphoma.

14. OP NION.

15. MEDICAL UTILITY.
Cancer is a condition that concerns to all
the medical sciences since it’s
discovering.
This disease has a particular etiology
located in DNA sequence which is
constantly attached by several factors
that could affect the genome stability.
In addition DNA has different vulnerable
sites.

16. MEDICAL UTILITY.
Advances allow us to recognize
vulnerable locations of DNA and
proteins involved in DNA damage
reparation, this could lead us to
improve the treatments against
cancer and furthermore to
manipulate the DNA sequence to
make it “invincible”

17. MEDICAL UTILITY.
The actual cancer treatments
have a lot of secondary effects,
diminishing the patients life
quality, if we as scientists could
intervene directly in the DNA
sequence, we could eventually
delete the uncomfortable
therapy's and get better results
in the battle against cancer

18. MEDICAL UTILITY.
If we have the mechanisms to
recognize the exact locations
where DNA is damaged and mark
this place, we could make
quicker processes and improve
the economical performance,
reducing costs and improving the
treatments.

20. THANKS!!!