Whit Jamieson, Program Manager at Forth gave this presentation at the Forth Clean Transportation For All: Access to EV Charging webinar on April 26, 2022.

1. EV Charging Barriers at Multi-Unit
Dwellings
CLEAN CITIES COLITION NETWORK
Whitaker Jamieson
Forth | Program Manager

2. VCI-MUD Project Objectives Overview
2
1. Determine MUD barriers
2. Demonstrate innovative technologies
3. Analyze and develop findings
4. Develop toolkit
5. Disseminate Online Toolkit

3. (Some) MUD Charging Installation Factors
• Limited electrical capacity
• Parking constraints-# of
available spaces/deeded vs
assigned
• Allocation of installation costs
• Electricity rates and avoiding
demand charges
• # of EVSE
Ownership &
Planning
Design/ Site
Layout
Cost & Cost
Recovery
Energy & Demand
Management
Access
Control

4. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
HOA related
Information and education
Parking limitation
O&M ongoing cost
Cost of installation
Electrical related
Parking operation
Capital constraints
Network signal
Responses
Barriers
Baseline Interview Results

5. Networked (Smart) Level-2 Charging Features
Networking can enable features like:
• Payment options-via phone app/credit
card tap/fob tap
• Access restrictions
• Reservation systems
• Notification systems
• Price/Rate design (per kWh, hour, more)
• Idle fees
• Backend data metering/remote
monitoring
• (Sometimes) Power control/sharing

6. Technological Solutions Overview
• Shared Charging Stations:
• External controls on non-networked stations
• Reservations & access control
• Energy management
• Dedicated to Individual Residents:
• Adaptive Load Management- Large Scale
• Rotational Charging
• Mobile battery-based charging
(Shared/Dedicated hybrid)
• Offsite (DC and L2)

7. Dedicated Charging
• Residents can be plugged in nonstop with no
consequences
• Tying energy use to meters is difficult (often
billed through HOA)
• Capital and operating costs must be carefully
allocated
• Load management benefits (avoided costs)
increase with scale
VCI-MUD Demonstration locations
Cyber Switching- The Henry, Portland
Powerflex- Madrone, San Francisco (Pictured)
Demonstration Data
• 18-24 kWh avg session
• Cars remained plugged-in nearly all of the time
they were parked
• Less than 20% of stations charging at once

8. Shared Charging
• Energy use usually tracked and billed by vendor
• Fewer stations required than dedicated chargers
• Idle fees can dramatically incentivize turnover
Demonstration data
• 10-20 kWh/session
• 2-4 hours avg
• Up 5 sessions/day
• 1-2 avg
Liberty Plug-ins- The Brookwood,
Atlanta, GA (Not Pictured)
EV Match- The Revere, Silicon Valley
OpConnect- Ko’olani, Honolulu
Located in unreserved
or guest spaces

9. FreeWire Technologies
Mobile Charging
• Portable AC L2 charging station with 80 kWh energy capacity
• 2 Level-2 charging ports (6.6 kW each)
• Recharge with AC L2 charging station (12hr)
When does this technology make sense:
• Limited Parking capacity
• Limited Electrical capacity
• Valet or parking attendant on site
• Secure Parking facility

10. Offsite Solutions-DC Charging Hub
VCI-MUD Demonstration Location:
Takoma Park Community Center
• Surrounded by 10+ MUDs
• 1 DCFC (35kW) and 3 L2s
RS Automotive (Close by TPCC)
• Gas station turned charging hub
• 4 DCFC on fuel islands + 2 L2s nearby
DC Charging hubs nearby MUDs will regularly be
used by EV Drivers who live at those MUDs
• If cheaper home charging exists, DC charging
hub will likely be used less
• If prices are much higher at a nearby location,
drivers may choose to use a DC charger that is
farther away or a nearby L2
When does this technology make sense:
If you’re:
• A utility wanting to increase EV adoption
• Commercial center wanting to attract shoppers
Electric Vehicle Institute- Takoma Park, MD

11. General Guidance
Basically- It Depends
Power Available (Depends on
how much demand vs power
available)
Limited Power
(Power Management
Relevant)
No Power
(No Parking spot can
get Power)
Parking Available You’ve got Options Shared Community Chargers
Offsite Charging
or
Mobile charger (charged
in a communal location)
Limited Parking (A few
spots)
Dedicated or Shared Community
Chargers
Shared Community Chargers
No Extra Parking
available (All spots
occupied)
Dedicated Chargers
Dedicated Chargers + Power
Management
Valet/Attendant DC Charging/L2
Mobile Charging or Shared
Chargers
Mobile charging

12. Toolkit Audience
Targeted audience groups:
• MUD Residents
• MUD Building Management
• MUD Homeowner Association

14. Homepage Residents Building Owners HOA

15. VCI--MUD
Website launches July 2022 at:
VCI-MUD.org

16. VCI--MUD
Thank you!