Disney Animation.

1. Disney Animation Techniques
1937 – 1959

2. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs -
1937
The first full-length animated feature film.
The first produced in full Technicolor.
The film became the most successful motion picture of
1938 and earned over $8 million on its initial release, the
equivalent of $122,487,945 in 2010.

3. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs -
1937
Technicolor - A three-color method that
included all colours of the rainbow.

4. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs -
1937
The Multiplane Camera – Created a
three-dimensional effect.
Composite
image as seen
by camera
Lighting for each
layer
Individual elements
arranged in layers

5. Pinocchio -1940
Rotoscoping – An animation
technique in which animators
trace over live-action film
movement, frame by frame.

6. Pinocchio -1940
Pinocchio was a ground
breaking achievement in
highly realistic effect
animation.
Used Live Action Reference.

7. Sleeping Beauty - 1959
First animated feature to be
photographed in the Technirama
widescreen process.

8. Sleeping Beauty - 1959
The last Disney feature to
use hand-inked cels in the
animation.
Every shot in the film was
done from a live-action
reference version.

9. Disney Animation from 101 Dalmatians
(1961) to Beauty and the Beast (1991)

10. Xerography
• “101 Dalmatians” (1961) the first movie to use this method.
• Also first animated Disney movie to not use the technique of rotoscoped.
• Disney animation team had a limited budget so had to come up with a way
to make a box office hit at a reduced cost.
• Ub Iwerks, having experimented with Xerography, suggested using this
program which side-tracked the hand inking process, this involved placing
the cels over the drawings and inkers copying the outlines with different
coloured inks. This process only leaves the colour to be inked on.
• One problem of this system is the original sketch type of drawing was kept
in the final movie.
• Problem was improved in the 1977 movie “The Rescuers” by re-drawing
the original sketches into a cleaner finished product.

12. Recycled Animation
• Over the next few years, the action of using templates already
used in previous animations became quite common. The ability to
reuse these templates reduced cost which was important in the
times of Disney's limited budgets.
• In “The Sword and the Stone” (1963) some templates were taken
from “Bambi” (1942) , and “101 Dalmatians”. Some of the
templates from this movie were also carried through to the next
feature “The Jungle Book” (1967).

14. Revolutionary Animation
Techniques
• Animation in “The Rescuers” (1977) used in the opening credits
marked the first time camera movements were used over still
photographs.
• New Xerography program used in this film re-created the softer
outline that was not previously available with this system. Previously
could only use black outlines, now use medium grey tones and more.

15. ATP Process
• “The Black Cauldron” (1985) was the first Disney
animation to use APT (Animation Photo Transfer)
process, instead of Xerography.
• Also first of Disney films to use computer-generated
imagery.
• APT process, invented by David W. Spencer for this
movie, photo's were taken and the negatives of these
images were used. Negative copied with light sensitive
dye and the light caused it to combine with the cels.
Chemicals were used on parts uncovered to light.
Detailed parts of images still had to be inked by hand
after this process.

16. CGI
• CGI continued to be used in the future
Disney films, including “The Little Mermaid”
(1989). This was also the last film to use
the method of hand-painted cel animation.
• CGI involves the creation of 3D images
through the use of computer software.

17. CAPS
• “The Rescuers Down Under” (1990) was the first
movie with “Beauty and the Beast” (1991) as the
second to use CAPS (Computer Animation
Production System) which was developed by
Pixar for Disney, this involved scanning
animators drawing and background paintings
into the computer which allows them to be inked
and coloured by digital designers which allowed
for camera movements, multiplane effects and
other effects to be determined .
• CAPS also allows hand-drawn animations and
CGI to easily combined.

18. Disney Renaissance?
1989 – Present

19. The Woman’s role in later Disney
De Rozario – 1994
“Princesses in later Disney perform an
opposite social journey to Walt’s traditional
princess”
Role of Woman changing with society.
The Little Mermaid, Pocahontas, Mulan.
Jasmine in Aladdin; Jafar’s slave when he
gets access to the genie, helps Aladdin by
seducing Jafar.
Tarzan; Jane requires saving

20. Return to classic Disney Musicals
The Little Mermaid; Return to the
musical Disney.
This proved successful as there are 6
Disney Renaissance animated films in
the top 50 highest grossing animated
movies
The Lion King is second only to be
topped by Toy Story 3.

21. Multicultural Phase
Aladdin – Good vs Evil.
◦ Aladdin and Jamsine have thick American
accents
◦ Sultan – British “jolly” accent
◦ Jafar – Arabic accent.
Hunchback of Notre Dame – racist
oppression of Quasimodo and the gypsies
in Paris.

22. Realism
Hercules, Mulan, Pocahontas,
Hunchback of Notre Dame and the
Little Mermaid are based on stories
and historical figures.
Victor Hugo’s Hunchback Notre Dame;
Everyone is killed, Quasimodo
commits suicide by starving himself.
Brother’s Grimm Little Mermaid; Also
dies, and her sisters lose their hair.

23. Following the Disney Renaissance
Following the Disney Renaissance there was
a lull for Disney.
Animation; The animation level here is out
standing, with exceptional facial expressions
◦ The ending scene of Atlantis was described as the
most difficult scene in the history of Disney
Animation
Neglected movies.
◦ FANTASIA 2000
The Emperor’s New Groove.
Atlantis: The Lost Empire – 350 Animators, based on comic book style –
Mike Mignola.
Lilo & Stitch
Treasure Planet
Brother Bear
Home on the Range

24. But it didn’t work…
Following these unsuccessful movies,
Disney returned the traditional hand drawn
movies;
◦ The Princess and the Frog. (2009)
(First hand drawn feature for over 5
years)
Tangled – Computer Graphics
◦ Why did this work when the CG films of the 2000s
didn’t?