Chapter 8 cold war (edsel jasmine sison's conflicted copy 2013 03-07)

Crisis and ConflictCrisis and Conflict
Chapter 8:Chapter 8:
From a World War to aFrom a World War to a
Cold WarCold War
An Enquiry Approach to Modern World HistoryAn Enquiry Approach to Modern World History
Secondary 4Secondary 4

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Crisis and Conflict: From a World War to a Cold War
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Was the post-World War II era aWas the post-World War II era a
period of stability?period of stability?
Why did the Cold
War break out?
How did the Cold War
affect Europe?
How did the Cold War
affect the rest of the
world?
Factors leading to the Cold
War between the USA and
the USSR.
Ways in which Europe was
affected by the Cold War.
Ways in which the rest of
the world was affected by the
Cold War.

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In a NutshellIn a Nutshell
 A Cold War is defined as a situation of tense relationsA Cold War is defined as a situation of tense relations
and fierce competition between nations.and fierce competition between nations.
 There is however no direct confrontation as in an all-outThere is however no direct confrontation as in an all-out
war.war.
 Such a situation occurred between 1945 and 1991,Such a situation occurred between 1945 and 1991,
involving the superpowers, the USA and the USSR.involving the superpowers, the USA and the USSR.
 The superpowers divided Europe into two.The superpowers divided Europe into two.
 Eastern Europe was led by Communist USSR whileEastern Europe was led by Communist USSR while
democratic USA controlled Western Europe.democratic USA controlled Western Europe.

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US Vice-President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev arguedUS Vice-President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev argued
about who had a better lifeabout who had a better life — Americans living in a democratic society orAmericans living in a democratic society or
Russians in a Communist society. The 1956 debate is called the Kitchen DebateRussians in a Communist society. The 1956 debate is called the Kitchen Debate
as it took place in Moscow at a kitchen exhibition.as it took place in Moscow at a kitchen exhibition.

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Why did the Cold WarWhy did the Cold War
break out?break out?
CompetingCompeting
ideologiesideologies
Feelings ofFeelings of
mistrustmistrust
Wartime alliancesWartime alliances
broke downbroke down

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Competing ideologiesCompeting ideologies
 An ideology refers to a set of ideas about how a societyAn ideology refers to a set of ideas about how a society
should be run.should be run.
 In many ways, the Cold War confrontation between theIn many ways, the Cold War confrontation between the
USA and the USSR was a clash between their opposingUSA and the USSR was a clash between their opposing
ideologies.ideologies.
DemocracyDemocracy The USAThe USA
CommunismCommunism The USSRThe USSR

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Communism VS DemocracyCommunism VS Democracy
Communism
The Communist Party rules the people.
Only the Communist Party members can be
in the government. This government is
considered a one-party dictatorship.
Democracy
People choose their government by
voting for the leaders they want. The
leaders can belong to any party.
Who controls the society?Who controls the society?

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How should people live?How should people live?
Communism
The community is more important than
the individual. So the individual should
put the needs of the community before
his own.
Democracy
The individual has more rights and some
of these rights are more important than
the needs of the community. Such rights
include freedom of speech and the press.

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How should the wealth of the society beHow should the wealth of the society be
created and shared?created and shared?
 The country’s wealth is ownedThe country’s wealth is owned
collectively by the society.collectively by the society.
 The Communist Party createsThe Communist Party creates
wealth by deciding what towealth by deciding what to
produce. This is called a centrallyproduce. This is called a centrally
planned economy.planned economy.
 Everyone should work and shouldEveryone should work and should
get an equal share of the benefitsget an equal share of the benefits
of the society.of the society.
Communism

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How should the wealth of the society beHow should the wealth of the society be
created and shared?created and shared?
 The country’s wealth is created byThe country’s wealth is created by
private enterprise and trade.private enterprise and trade.
 Businessmen and entrepreneursBusinessmen and entrepreneurs
create wealth by deciding what tocreate wealth by deciding what to
produce. This is called marketproduce. This is called market
economy.economy.
 Some individuals may becomeSome individuals may become
wealthier than others. How wealthywealthier than others. How wealthy
one becomes depends on theone becomes depends on the
individual’s skills as an entrepreneurindividual’s skills as an entrepreneur
or how well he invests his resources.or how well he invests his resources.
Democracy

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DemocracyDemocracy
• For supporters of DemocracyFor supporters of Democracy
choosing betweenchoosing between
Democracy and CommunismDemocracy and Communism
felt like choosing betweenfelt like choosing between
freedom and slavery.freedom and slavery.
• They believed that CommunistsThey believed that Communists
had to accept the control ofhad to accept the control of
the Communist Party and givethe Communist Party and give
up all their freedom.up all their freedom.
CommunismCommunism
• Communists, on the otherCommunists, on the other
hand believed that thehand believed that the
workers were not free inworkers were not free in
democratic societies.democratic societies.
• To them the workers in aTo them the workers in a
democratic society, weredemocratic society, were
the slaves of the richthe slaves of the rich
landowners, factory ownerslandowners, factory owners
and industrialists.and industrialists.
BackBack

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 When the Communists came to power in the 1917 OctoberWhen the Communists came to power in the 1917 October
Revolution in Russia, they lost the trust of the USA andRevolution in Russia, they lost the trust of the USA and
other Western nations. This was because the Communistother Western nations. This was because the Communist
government called for a world revolution.government called for a world revolution.
 Could this mean the end of Capitalism and Democracy?Could this mean the end of Capitalism and Democracy?
The West begin to question the actions of the Communists.The West begin to question the actions of the Communists.
 Poor relations existed also because of the involvement ofPoor relations existed also because of the involvement of
the West in the Russian Civil War. They provided aid to thethe West in the Russian Civil War. They provided aid to the
anti-Bolshevik White armies.anti-Bolshevik White armies.
 Since then, there had always been tension between theSince then, there had always been tension between the
Communists and supporters of Democracy.Communists and supporters of Democracy.
 The USA and the USSR had more power to spread theirThe USA and the USSR had more power to spread their
ideologies around after they became superpowers at theideologies around after they became superpowers at the
end of World War II.end of World War II. BackBack
Feelings of mistrustFeelings of mistrust

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Wartime alliances broke downWartime alliances broke down
 The Soviet Union joined the USA and Britain as one of theThe Soviet Union joined the USA and Britain as one of the
Allied Powers and joined in the fight against Japan, Italy andAllied Powers and joined in the fight against Japan, Italy and
Germany.Germany.
 This alliance was only temporary.This alliance was only temporary.
 The feud was resumed after the war ended and when theyThe feud was resumed after the war ended and when they
found no common enemy to unite them against.found no common enemy to unite them against.
 The leaders of the USSR, the USA and Britain met at Yalta toThe leaders of the USSR, the USA and Britain met at Yalta to
discuss what to do with Germany once the war was over.discuss what to do with Germany once the war was over.
 It was decided that Germany was to be divided into fourIt was decided that Germany was to be divided into four
different zones.different zones.
 After the war ended, they met at Potsdam to resume theAfter the war ended, they met at Potsdam to resume the
discussion that was stopped.discussion that was stopped.
 Several misunderstandings arose out of the conferencesSeveral misunderstandings arose out of the conferences
which contributed to hostile relations.which contributed to hostile relations.

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The Potsdam Agreement
 What was agreed?What was agreed?
 Details of the zones of occupation of Germany wereDetails of the zones of occupation of Germany were
finalised.finalised.
 Reparations were to be collected in the form of industrialReparations were to be collected in the form of industrial
equipment from own zone. The USSR was to receiveequipment from own zone. The USSR was to receive
additional money from other zones as its zone wasadditional money from other zones as its zone was
mainly agricultural and it had suffered the most duringmainly agricultural and it had suffered the most during
the war.the war.
 The new borders of Poland were confirmed.The new borders of Poland were confirmed.

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The Potsdam AgreementThe Potsdam Agreement
StalinStalin TrumanTruman
What to do withWhat to do with
Germany?Germany?
We should crippleWe should cripple
Germany completely.Germany completely.
We do not want to repeatWe do not want to repeat
the mistakes of thethe mistakes of the
Treaty of Versailles.Treaty of Versailles.
Should Germany payShould Germany pay
for the reparations?for the reparations?
Yes. 20 million RussiansYes. 20 million Russians
were killed in the war.were killed in the war.
We do not want to repeatWe do not want to repeat
the mistakes of thethe mistakes of the
Treaty of Versailles.Treaty of Versailles.
What to do withWhat to do with
Eastern Europe?Eastern Europe?
We agreed at Yalta thatWe agreed at Yalta that
these would be under thethese would be under the
Soviet sphere ofSoviet sphere of
influence; with unitedinfluence; with united
Eastern Europe, no oneEastern Europe, no one
will dare to move a fingerwill dare to move a finger
against them.against them.
We have to cultivate aWe have to cultivate a
‘get tough’ attitude‘get tough’ attitude
towards Stalin.towards Stalin.

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 SignificanceSignificance

The USSR was suspicious of the West. StalinThe USSR was suspicious of the West. Stalin
imprisoned non-Communist Polish leaders andimprisoned non-Communist Polish leaders and
placed Communist leaders in the Polishplaced Communist leaders in the Polish
government. Buffer zones were created to makegovernment. Buffer zones were created to make
Communism more powerful.Communism more powerful.

The poor relations between the two superpowersThe poor relations between the two superpowers
at the Potsdam Conference were a sign that theirat the Potsdam Conference were a sign that their
wartime alliance had come to an end and that thewartime alliance had come to an end and that the
Cold War had begun.Cold War had begun.
BackBack
The Potsdam AgreementThe Potsdam Agreement

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Europe was dividedEurope was divided
Germany was dividedGermany was divided
Nato and Warsaw PactNato and Warsaw Pact
were set upwere set up
Marshall Plan was putMarshall Plan was put
into actioninto action
Truman Doctrine wasTruman Doctrine was
announcedannounced
How did theHow did the
Cold WarCold War
affect Europe?affect Europe?

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Europe was dividedEurope was divided
 Europe was divided into two blocs between 1945 andEurope was divided into two blocs between 1945 and
1948.1948.
 The East comprised mainly of Communist governmentsThe East comprised mainly of Communist governments
and the West consisted of democratic countries.and the West consisted of democratic countries.
 The USSR expanded its control over Eastern Europe byThe USSR expanded its control over Eastern Europe by
setting up Communist governments in these countries.setting up Communist governments in these countries.
 The USSR could then influence these CommunistThe USSR could then influence these Communist
governments to follow policies that were non-threateninggovernments to follow policies that were non-threatening
to it.to it.
 The countries with Communist governments were knownThe countries with Communist governments were known
as satellite states.as satellite states.
 The West criticised the USSR for setting up suchThe West criticised the USSR for setting up such
governments without holding free elections and for theirgovernments without holding free elections and for their
harsh tactics.harsh tactics.
 Such actions further contributed to the bad blood betweenSuch actions further contributed to the bad blood between
the two superpowers.the two superpowers.

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Europe was divided
BackBack

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 A crisis ensued among Britain, France, the USA and theA crisis ensued among Britain, France, the USA and the
USSR over how to administer Germany in 1948.USSR over how to administer Germany in 1948.
 Germany was to be divided into four parts and Berlin intoGermany was to be divided into four parts and Berlin into
four zones, according to peace talks in Britain.four zones, according to peace talks in Britain.
 In 1948, Britain, France and the USA decided to join theirIn 1948, Britain, France and the USA decided to join their
separate zones in Germany. In order to help the Westseparate zones in Germany. In order to help the West
German economy recover, they agreed to create a newGerman economy recover, they agreed to create a new
currency.currency.
 Afraid that Germany would grow strong and threaten theAfraid that Germany would grow strong and threaten the
USSR, Stalin planned to seize control of West Berlin throughUSSR, Stalin planned to seize control of West Berlin through
a blockade.a blockade.
 He had hoped to force the Western powers to leave the cityHe had hoped to force the Western powers to leave the city
by blocking all supplies of food to West Berlin.by blocking all supplies of food to West Berlin.

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The Berlin Blockade 1948

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 The USA was determined to support West Berlin as itThe USA was determined to support West Berlin as it
represented the democratic system.represented the democratic system.
 It was afraid that if it did so, the USSR would becomeIt was afraid that if it did so, the USSR would become
bolder and invade West Germany.bolder and invade West Germany.
 However keen to avoid war, President Truman orderedHowever keen to avoid war, President Truman ordered
an airlift of food and other supplies into West Berlin.an airlift of food and other supplies into West Berlin.
This lasted for ten months.This lasted for ten months.
 Realising that the West was determined to support WestRealising that the West was determined to support West
Berlin, the USSR ended the Berlin Blockade after tenBerlin, the USSR ended the Berlin Blockade after ten
months.months.
 The blockade was important in helping us understandThe blockade was important in helping us understand
why Germany became two separate countries.why Germany became two separate countries.

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In August 1949, the West set up the German Federal Republic in West Germany.
In October, the USSR set up the German Democratic Republic in East Germany.
BackBack

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Truman Doctrine wasTruman Doctrine was
announcedannounced
 Following Soviet expansion in Europe, President TrumanFollowing Soviet expansion in Europe, President Truman
decided that the USA must stop Communism fromdecided that the USA must stop Communism from
spreading.spreading.
 On 12 March 1947, he announced the Truman Doctrine.On 12 March 1947, he announced the Truman Doctrine.
 The Truman Doctrine provided American aid to GreeceThe Truman Doctrine provided American aid to Greece
and Turkey in order to prevent the spread ofand Turkey in order to prevent the spread of
Communism.Communism.
 Turkey controlled the Dardanelles and the GreekTurkey controlled the Dardanelles and the Greek
government was fighting against Communism.government was fighting against Communism.
 Agreeing with Truman’s sentiments, Congress soonAgreeing with Truman’s sentiments, Congress soon
voted $400 million of aid to Greece and Turkey.voted $400 million of aid to Greece and Turkey.
BackBack

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The Marshall Plan was put intoThe Marshall Plan was put into
action on 5 June 1947action on 5 June 1947
 Following the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan wasFollowing the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan was
introduced.introduced.
 The Plan sought to make Europe rich and strong againThe Plan sought to make Europe rich and strong again
and prosperous enough to resist Communism, byand prosperous enough to resist Communism, by
providing financial help.providing financial help.
 Between 1948 and 1952, 16 countries in Western EuropeBetween 1948 and 1952, 16 countries in Western Europe
received a total of US$13 billion in aid, loans and goods.received a total of US$13 billion in aid, loans and goods.
 Soviet satellites were forbidden from accepting AmericanSoviet satellites were forbidden from accepting American
financial aid. Stalin felt that the West was using this tofinancial aid. Stalin felt that the West was using this to
expand its influence over Europe.expand its influence over Europe.
BackBack

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NATO and Warsaw Pact were set upNATO and Warsaw Pact were set up
 The division of Europe into two spheres of influenceThe division of Europe into two spheres of influence
forced both sides to set up military alliances.forced both sides to set up military alliances.
 In April 1949, the USA set up the North Atlantic TreatyIn April 1949, the USA set up the North Atlantic Treaty
Organisation (NATO) for collective security against anyOrganisation (NATO) for collective security against any
Soviet attack.Soviet attack.
 Similarly, the USSR set up an alliance known as theSimilarly, the USSR set up an alliance known as the
Warsaw Pact in 1955, uniting all Communist countries inWarsaw Pact in 1955, uniting all Communist countries in
Eastern Europe except Yugoslavia.Eastern Europe except Yugoslavia.

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Military alliances
BackBack

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The Korean WarThe Korean War
China joined theChina joined the
Cold WarCold War
The Cuban MissileThe Cuban Missile
CrisisCrisis
How did the Cold WarHow did the Cold War
affect the rest of the world?affect the rest of the world?

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China joined the Cold WarChina joined the Cold War
 When China turned Communist in 1949, it becameWhen China turned Communist in 1949, it became
involved in the Cold War.involved in the Cold War.
 The USA felt threatened by the Communist allianceThe USA felt threatened by the Communist alliance
between China and the USSR.between China and the USSR.
 The USA feared that the USSR might give China theThe USA feared that the USSR might give China the
technology to produce its own nuclear weapons.technology to produce its own nuclear weapons.

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Japan became the USA’s mainJapan became the USA’s main
anti-Communist allyanti-Communist ally
 Due to the threat of Communism in China, the USADue to the threat of Communism in China, the USA
strengthened Japan’s economy and introducedstrengthened Japan’s economy and introduced
democratic reforms.democratic reforms.
 Through this, the USA hoped to turn Japan into its mainThrough this, the USA hoped to turn Japan into its main
anti-Communist ally in the region.anti-Communist ally in the region.
 Other than strengthening Japan by providing economicOther than strengthening Japan by providing economic
aid, new technology and new industrial equipment, theaid, new technology and new industrial equipment, the
USA also managed to get Japan to allow it to station itsUSA also managed to get Japan to allow it to station its
troops in Japan.troops in Japan.

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USA‘s One China PolicyUSA‘s One China Policy
 Due to unfriendly relations between the USA andDue to unfriendly relations between the USA and
Communist China, the USA adopted a One China PolicyCommunist China, the USA adopted a One China Policy
between 1945 and 1972.between 1945 and 1972.
 The USA refused to recognise the People’s Republic ofThe USA refused to recognise the People’s Republic of
China’s (PRC) Communist government.China’s (PRC) Communist government.
 Instead, it recognised Taiwan (Republic of China) as theInstead, it recognised Taiwan (Republic of China) as the
legitimate government of China.legitimate government of China.

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Increased US support forIncreased US support for
anti-Communists in Asiaanti-Communists in Asia
 Due to the rise of Communist China, the USA was eagerDue to the rise of Communist China, the USA was eager
to form allies in Asia.to form allies in Asia.
 Other than Taiwan, the USA also sent troops to supportOther than Taiwan, the USA also sent troops to support
anti-Communist governments in other countries such asanti-Communist governments in other countries such as
South Korea and South Vietnam.South Korea and South Vietnam.
 Besides, it also formed an anti-Communist alliance inBesides, it also formed an anti-Communist alliance in
Southeast Asia (SEATO) in 1954 to oppose CommunistSoutheast Asia (SEATO) in 1954 to oppose Communist
gains in Southeast Asia.gains in Southeast Asia.
 In the name of giving aid, sometimes cruel and corruptedIn the name of giving aid, sometimes cruel and corrupted
governments were supported and maintained.governments were supported and maintained.
BackBack

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 Korea was divided at the 38th parallelKorea was divided at the 38th parallel
after World War II.after World War II.
The USSR North: The People’sThe USSR North: The People’s
Democratic RepublicDemocratic Republic
The USA South: The Republic ofThe USA South: The Republic of
KoreaKorea
 This division was supposed to beThis division was supposed to be
temporary.temporary.
 In June 1950, the North KoreansIn June 1950, the North Koreans
launched a surprise attack against thelaunched a surprise attack against the
South and the capital Seoul fell in justSouth and the capital Seoul fell in just
three days.three days.
Case Study 1:Case Study 1:

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 The UN decided to send troops to theThe UN decided to send troops to the
region under its UN flag. The huge bulkregion under its UN flag. The huge bulk
of the troops sent were American andof the troops sent were American and
command of them was given tocommand of them was given to
General Douglas MacArthur.General Douglas MacArthur.
 By the end of August 1950 only PusanBy the end of August 1950 only Pusan
in the south-east corner of South Koreain the south-east corner of South Korea
had not fallen to the North.had not fallen to the North.
 In September, MacArthur took theIn September, MacArthur took the
huge risk of launching an amphibioushuge risk of launching an amphibious
landing at Inchon 200 miles behindlanding at Inchon 200 miles behind
enemy lines and from here heenemy lines and from here he
launched an attack against the Northlaunched an attack against the North
Koreans.Koreans.

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 MacArthur later chose to advanceMacArthur later chose to advance
north towards the Chinese border atnorth towards the Chinese border at
the Yalu River.the Yalu River.
 This provoked the Chinese to launchThis provoked the Chinese to launch
a massive attack against the UNa massive attack against the UN
forces and South Korea.forces and South Korea.
 The war became static warfare asThe war became static warfare as
both sides were entrenched in theirboth sides were entrenched in their
positions. Peace talks started atpositions. Peace talks started at
Panmunjom and lasted for two years.Panmunjom and lasted for two years.
 An armistice was signed in 1953. TheAn armistice was signed in 1953. The
fighting ended but no peace treatyfighting ended but no peace treaty
was signed.was signed.

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Impact of theImpact of the
Korean WarKorean War
KoreaKorea
The war cost the lives of
about 2.5 million Koreans.
Many families were
separated because of the
division at the 38th parallel.
Global impactGlobal impact
The war also showed
that smaller countries
were not always controlled
by superpowers. In the
case of Korea, both the
North and South used the
superpowers to achieve
their aim of uniting Korea
ChinaChina
China showed that it was
a major military power with
its entry into the war.
China grew confident and
demanded a seat in the UN
in 1971.
JapanJapan
Japan became a key US
partner in Asia and a model
of US democracy. The Korean
War also helped Japan’s
economy as it was the main
supplier of South Korea.
TaiwanTaiwan
Fearing China might use the
Korean War as a chance
to attack Taiwan, the USA
sent military support to
Taiwan.
USAUSA
Following the Korean War,
the USA was eager to form
alliances in Asia. This
included ANZUS (with
Australia and New Zealand)
and SEATO in Southeast
Asia.
BackBack

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 Trouble began in 1962 when the USA found out that theTrouble began in 1962 when the USA found out that the
USSR had missiles in Cuba which could hit most of theUSSR had missiles in Cuba which could hit most of the
major American cities.major American cities.
 Furthermore, the Soviets had 40,000 troops in Cuba.Furthermore, the Soviets had 40,000 troops in Cuba.
 More than 100,000 US soldiers were stationed atMore than 100,000 US soldiers were stationed at
Florida, the American state closest to Cuba.Florida, the American state closest to Cuba.
 The US forces around the world were also placed onThe US forces around the world were also placed on
high alert.high alert.
 Soviet submarines that were armed with nuclearSoviet submarines that were armed with nuclear
weapons were also on their way to Cuba.weapons were also on their way to Cuba.
The Cuban Missile CrisisThe Cuban Missile Crisis

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Case Study 2 :Case Study 2 :
The Cuban Missile CrisisThe Cuban Missile Crisis
Trouble began in 1962 when theTrouble began in 1962 when the
USA found out that the USSR hadUSA found out that the USSR had
missiles in Cuba which could hitmissiles in Cuba which could hit
most of the major American cities.most of the major American cities.
Following that, the USA sent moreFollowing that, the USA sent more
than 100,000 soldiers to Floridathan 100,000 soldiers to Florida
prepared for a possible invasion.prepared for a possible invasion.
President Kennedy ordered a USPresident Kennedy ordered a US
naval blockade of Cuba to stopnaval blockade of Cuba to stop
supplies from reaching Cuba.supplies from reaching Cuba.
The whole crisis was finally avertedThe whole crisis was finally averted
when Soviet ships decided to sail back.when Soviet ships decided to sail back.
Following that, the USSR announced ItFollowing that, the USSR announced It
would also remove the missiles fromwould also remove the missiles from
Cuba.Cuba.

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Causes of the Cuban Missile CrisisCauses of the Cuban Missile Crisis
 The USSR had been worried about US missiles inThe USSR had been worried about US missiles in
Turkey (an ally of the USA) due to its proximity to someTurkey (an ally of the USA) due to its proximity to some
of the Soviet cities.of the Soviet cities.
 Soviet leader Khrushchev felt he should also find alliesSoviet leader Khrushchev felt he should also find allies
and build nuclear missile sites near the USA.and build nuclear missile sites near the USA.
 In 1960, the USSR offered to protect Cuba by placingIn 1960, the USSR offered to protect Cuba by placing
nuclear missiles in Cuba.nuclear missiles in Cuba.
 Cuban leader Castro accepted the USSR’s offer andCuban leader Castro accepted the USSR’s offer and
formed an alliance with it.formed an alliance with it.
 In 1962, following reconnaissance reports of missilesIn 1962, following reconnaissance reports of missiles
belonging to the USSR in Cuba, US president Kennedybelonging to the USSR in Cuba, US president Kennedy
ordered a naval and air blockade of Cuba.ordered a naval and air blockade of Cuba.

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 Putting its army on high alert, the USA warned that itPutting its army on high alert, the USA warned that it
would attack the USSR if the missiles were notwould attack the USSR if the missiles were not
removed from Cuba.removed from Cuba.
 The crisis was resolved when the USSR promised toThe crisis was resolved when the USSR promised to
remove all its missiles.remove all its missiles.
 The blockade on Cuba was also ended.The blockade on Cuba was also ended.
 In 1963, US nuclear missiles were removed fromIn 1963, US nuclear missiles were removed from
Turkey.Turkey.
Causes of the Cuban Missile CrisisCauses of the Cuban Missile Crisis

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Impact of theImpact of the
Cuban MissileCuban Missile
CrisisCrisis
Better US-Soviet relations
Both sides realised that
they should not risk another
nuclear war. Both also
supported disarmament.
In 1963, the USA, the USSR
and Britain signed a Nuclear
Test Ban Treaty
Led to more stable
superpower relations
Both parties did not start a
nuclear war because they
realised no one could win one.
Due to a possible Mutually
Assured Destruction situation,
both tried to solve problems
without using nuclear
weapons.
Cuba remained Communist
Although the USSR removed its
missiles, it promised to help
Cuba if it was attacked.
The USSR also made the USA
promise that it would not
attack Cuba.
Khrushchev's fall from
power
The incident led to
Khrushchev's fall from power.
His decision to remove the
missiles was criticised by
by other Soviet leaders.
In 1964, he was removed
from his post.
Tense Soviet-Chinese
relations
The crisis made Soviet-
Chinese relations tense.
China accused the Soviets
for being weak. The quarrel
between China and the
USSR divided the
international Communist
movement into two groups.
BackBack

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The Cold WarThe Cold War
Impact on Europe
Impact outside
Europe
IncreasingIncreasing
mistrustmistrust
KoreaEurope
divided
NATO
Warsaw Pact
Marshall Plan
Truman Doctrine
SummarySummary
Germany
divided
Cuba
AllianceAlliance
breakdownbreakdown
CompetingCompeting
ideologiesideologies

Chapter 8 cold war (edsel jasmine sison's conflicted copy 2013 03-07)

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