1. UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR
FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA CIENCIAS Y LETRAS DE LAEDUCACION
CARRERA DE PLURINGUE
AMAGUAYA PACALLA IRMA ELIZABETH

2. Linguistics is a It is aims to Lots of concepts on
science imples a demostrate how linguistic have been
serius, deep study a people have give through time by
languaye used, deal linguists according to
their points
PRELIMINARY NOTIONS
Scientific study of a lenguage in
general and of languages in
Linguistic is the
particular dealing with their history ,
scientific study of
nature-approaches, grammar-ruler,
as a system of
struture-syntax, saounds –phonology,
human
meaning sistems-semantics,
communication
semiotics so on as a system of
human communication .

3. LINGUISTICS • Jacab Grimm
BACKGROUND (1785-1863)
• Franz Bopp
(791-1867)
The word linguistics was initially • August Schleicher
used in the middle of 19th century (1821-1868)
to emphasize the difference
between a newer approach to the
study on language that was then
developing and the nre
tradicional aproach of philology

4. The term cpnstrative analysis stand for applied
constrative sudias, with deal the practical
cosnsequences of differences between constrated
language for teaching purpose, bilingual analysis or
translation.
CONSTRATIVE
CONTRATIVE OR COMPARATIVE
CONSTRATIVE
LINGUISTICS
Certaly studies analyses, Originally known as
and compares two more comparative philology is branch
lenguage descriptively in of historiical or diachronic
order to find out similarities linguistic that is conced with
and differences amog them comparing language in order to
during the lenguage establish theur historical
learning process. relatedness

5. -Since interence for
more 30% of error
FUNDAMENTALS FOR
to understand
TEACHING
leguage.
- Serve as an aid to
their own more
Is a relevant recuarding study autonomous
area for certain types of learning and as a
student background to
the self diagnosis
and remediation
Metrhogolog of their error,
Constrativ Constrative y of spoken
e linguistic Pragmatics constrative and written
syllabus linguistic
Theory
It´s the study of isn´t too
Proceed Three
the ability of demanding
s level- level of
natural language
by-level lexis
speaker s to
-Lenguage terminology communicate The fundamental
-Sound (utterance) more than that techique of
-Syntax (gramas, which is explicity constrative linguistic
sentece structure and staded is to mach of to Is specilly
rules languages by using a associated with
techique know as the applied constrative
Sounds systems constative method studies advocated
involve phonological as a means of
or phonetic, relevant predicting
to indentifying types difficulties of
of foreing accent learners with
particular mother
tongue in learning

6. MEW TRENDS
Included a comparison af cultures,
It´s important study
early contrastraive studies focused on
macrolinguistic an
what has been describeb as
micholinguistic
microlinguistic contrastrive analysis
The role of Conpora
Is a body ot text, utterarces or ther
specimens considered more or les s
representative of a language

7. It´s arbitrary structures
system of utterances-
sounds gestures, sings
Most spoken LANGUAGE and movements, written
language symbols, morphemes.
population of words and sentences
the world udes to, human
comunication
Cladification
*Madarin
*Hindi
*Engish
*Arabic
*Spanich Verbal lenguage
Is ephemeral
because it vanishes
into the air as soon as
it is uttered
Lenguage Individual Jargon Colloquialis
Dialect Slang
Family language m
It´s a gruop of It´s
language related Used by It´s an informal
It´s Particular
by descent from people who informal language
language as way of
a commom work in a used on the that isn´t
a whole using a
ancestor called particular lenguage is rude but
from the language
the proto- interest rude is non would not
some family relagional
language of that standard be used
and social
family informal
situation

8. Non Verbal
No sound is uttered this could be
symbolic written pr mimic.
It´s a system of permanent
Written or simbolic language
written symbols
It´s a writting system which uses
Idiographic ideograms(symbols) to represent
whole words or concepts
Syllabic It´s based or syllables which are
represented by separate symbols
English. It´s lingua franca
It´s based on sounds-
Alphabetical and native langua in the
pronunciation
world spoken
Writing sistems, It´s bases Spanish. Spoken a first
Articulated Languge on alphabets phonectica language 352 millon
alphabets second language speakers

9. It´s the incompatibility. It´s the quality or
state of being inconsistent, lack of conrdance
with a structural pattern
LENGUAGE INCONSISTENCIES
The same letter or The same sound can
letter combination be written whit Different dialects
can refer to different diffetent letter pronunce the same
sounds combination word different

10. CLUSTER
A group of the same
or similar element
gathered or occuring
closely tofetres Consonant
Vowel cluster
cluster
Give to synthetic words Also know as a consonant
containing orthografic blend is a group or
vowel cluster and analyzes sequence of consonant
the observed pronunciation that appear together is a
in relation to comon in syllable whitout a vowel
lenguge between them.
Inicial clusters Medial clusters Final clusters
French, English and Four hinal
Inicial two spanish might have consonant cluster is
consonant cluster from two up to fpur by and large the
medial consonant outcome of the
cluster plural forms
Final clusters
One consonant of the
IT belongs to the second cluster belongs to the first
of the two syllable speaks syllable and the other to the
between which they second sillable diision occur
appear os medial beteen the members