1. HACKING

2. What is hacking?
Hacking refers to an array of activities which are
done to intrude some one else’s personal information
space so as to use it for malicious, unwanted
purposes.
Hacking is a term used to refer to activities aimed at
exploiting security flaws to obtain critical information
for gaining access to secured networks.

3. Brief History:
o Started in 1878, when Alexander Graham
bell busted a few school boys trying to figure
out how the telephone worked.
o In the late 1950s and Early 1960's
~originally, "hacker" was a positive term for a
person with a mastery of computers who
could push programs beyond what they were
designed to do.

4. o1971- Cap 'n Cruch phone exploit discovered
o1988- Morris Internet worm crashes 6,000 servers
o1994- $10 million transfered from CitiBank accounts
o1995- Kevin Mitnick sentences to 5 years in jail
o1969- Unix 'hacked' together
o2000- Major websites succumb to DDoS
o2000- 15,700 credit and debit card numbers stolen from
oWestern Union (hacked while web database was undergoing
maintainance)
o2001- Code Red exploited bug in MS IIS to penetrate & spread
probes random IPs for system running IIS had
otrigger time for denial-of-service attack
o2nd wave infected 360000 servers in 14 hours
oCode Red 2- had backdoor installed to allow remote control

5. Types of Hackers :
White Hat
Non-malicious reasons, enjoy learning (ex. testing
their own security system)
Grey Hat
Beyond the point of a malicious intend
Black Hat/Cracker
Malicious reasons, uses technology for a wrong
end, linked to illegal activity
Script kiddie
Non-expert, uses automated tools by other
creators

6. Famous Hackers :
• Kevin Mitnick
~hacking into the telephone systems of the
Pentagon and Pacific Bell, among other
government agencies and for-profit
organizations. Not only did he hack phones,
he also gained access to countless credit card
numbers.
~black hat hacker

7. • Kevin Poulsen
~hacked a radio station's phone lines in order
to win a call-in contest whose prize was a
Porsche. He eventually earned the distinction
of being the first hacker charged with
espionage after he allegedly stole classified
information from the Air Force
~black hat hacker

8. • Tsutomu Shimomura
~decided to take his own revenge by using his
hacking skills to assist the FBI in tracking and
locating Mitnick. With Shimomura's help, they
were successful, and Mitnick was arrested.
~white hat hacker

9. • Stephen Wozniak
~Woz got his start in hacking making blue
boxes, devices that bypass telephone-
switching mechanisms to make free long-
distance calls
~white hat hacker

10. • Adrian Lamo
~"the homeless hacker" because he sometimes
took up residence in abandoned buildings.
~As a hacker, Lamo broke into the networks of a
number of major companies -- Excite@Home,
MCI WorldCom, Yahoo, Microsoft and Google --
but he often contacted the companies and told
them about the security holes.
~grey hat hacker

11. The Hacker Attitude
 Boredom and drudgery are evil.
Hackers (and creative people in general) should
never be bored or have to drudge at stupid
repetitive work
 Freedom is good
Hackers are naturally anti-authoritarian. Anyone
who can give you orders can stop you from solving
whatever problem you're being fascinated by
 Becoming a hacker will take intelligence, practice,
dedication, and hard work.

12.  The world is full of fascinating problems waiting to be
solved
Being a hacker is lots of fun, but it's a kind of fun
that takes lots of effort. The effort takes motivation.
To be a hacker you have to get a basic thrill from
solving problems, sharpening your skills, and
exercising your intelligence.
 Nobody should ever have to solve a problem twice
Creative brains are a valuable, limited resource. To
behave like a hacker, you have to believe that the
thinking time of other hackers is precious -- so much
so that it's almost a moral duty for you to share
information, solve problems and then give the
solutions away just so other hackers can solve new
problems instead of having to perpetually re-address
old ones.

13. Basic Hacking Skill
 Learn how to program.
This, of course, is the fundamental hacking skill. If you don't
know any computer languages, you cant do hacking.
 Get one of the open-source Unix's and learn to use and run it
The single most important step any newbie can take towards
acquiring hacker skills is to get a copy of Linux or one of the
BSD-Unix’s, install it on a personal machine, and run it.
 Learn how to use the World Wide Web and write HTML.
To be worthwhile, your page must have content -- it must be
interesting and/or useful to other hackers.

14. 2 types of hacking:
1. Email or the user information
a. Phishing
b. Brute Forcing
c. Keylogging
d. Trojans
2. Web based hacking.
a. SQL Injection
b. XSS
c. Shells
d. RFI

15. Forbidding Hacking:
• There are several laws that forbid hacking in the United
States. One, 18 U.S.C. 1029, deals with making and
using devices and programs to gain unauthorized
access to secure computer systems. Since the law
specifies that there must be intent to defraud,
however, hackers can often claim that they were only
doing harmless personal research. Another law, 18
U.S.C. 1030, prohibits access to government computers
to anyone without authorization [Source: U.S.
Department of Justice]. Hackers who are convicted of
crimes that violate these laws may be required to pay
fines, be placed on probation, or serve jail time,
depending on the severity of the damages.

16. What is ethical hacking?
 defined “methodology adopted by ethical hackers to
discover the vulnerabilities existing in information systems’
operating environments.”
With the growth of the Internet, computer security has
become a major concern for businesses and governments.
In their search for a way to approach the problem,
organizations came to realize that one of the best ways to
evaluate the intruder threat to their interests would be to
have independent computer security professionals attempt to
break into their computer systems.