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Integrating Values and Ethics into
1. Integrating Values and Ethics into
Post Secondary Teaching
38th Annual PRTESOL Convention
Friday November 18, 2011
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Paul T. Begley
UCEA Center for the Study of Leadership and Ethics
Nipissing University
Ontario, Canada
2. Presentation Plan
Purposes:
- The Nature of the Problem We Confront
Processes:
- Terms and Concepts
- Some Special Issues and Problems
- Being an Ethical Person / Ethical Professional
Context:
- Values and Ethics in Teaching
- Strategies and Resources
3. Part 1: The Nature of the Problem
Dr. Alejandro’s view
Important Social Trends
Dipali’s Lament
4. Our Purposes ?
Provide students with the knowledge and
processes needed to navigate life.
Do this by:
– Provide a vocabulary for articulating values
– Sustained dialogue about purposes
Outcomes:
– Increased self-awareness
– Sensitivity to perceptions of others
– Capacity for self-actualization (moral compass)
6. Part 2: Processes, Terms
& Key Concepts
Values are:
– A conception of the desirable with
motivating force,
- characteristic of individuals & groups,
- that influence the choice of ways and
means leading to actions
Hodgkinson (1978)
7. Part 2:
Processes and Concepts
Where Values Come From
The Nature of Value Conflicts
8. Formation of the Self :
- influences
- values
Transcendental
- conflicts Culture
Organization
Profession
Group
Self
Begley, 2006
9. How Values Influence Actions
(Begley 2006)
Action
Attitude
Value
Understandings
Motive
Self
10. How it works in the real world
How we make professional decisions
using values and ethics
The four motivational bases
Special nature of ethics
12. Some Problems
“Hardening of the Attitudes”, the
negative effects of time & experience.
The culture-based nature of ethics
Distinguishing between personal,
professional & social values
13. More Problems
Articulation versus commitment
Using ethics versus being ethical
Does environment trump character?
Externally derived values versus
self-actualization
14. Summary: Being Ethical
Strive for Authenticity & Moral Literacy:
A synergy resulting from:
– Self-knowledge
– Sensitivity to the perspectives of others
– Professional knowledge and skills
15. Part 3: Context of Teaching
Expert Advice; Piaget, Kohlberg, Nucci
The Purposes of Education
Three ways ethics relate to teaching
Strategies and resources
16. Expert Advice
Piaget (1965) says:
Individuals reconstruct their
knowledge of the world as a result of
interactions with the environment.
17. Expert Advice - Kohlberg
Six Stages of Moral Reasoning
– Moving from egocentrism to reasoning
grounded in principles
– Similar to motivational bases
– Consider developmental stage with
curriculum design
18. Expert Advice - Nucci
Three Principles:
– Focus on issues of justice, fairness &
human welfare
– Integrated within curriculum, not add-on
– Incorporate dialogue
19. Purposes of Education
Aesthetic Purposes – be all that you
can be
Economic Purposes – learn to earn
Ideological Purposes – socialization,
citizenship and transmission of social
values
20. Ethics and Teaching
Three ways ethics relate to teaching:
– Influence on cognitive processes of
individuals and groups
– Guidelines for actions & resolving
dilemmas
– As a strategic tool to build consensus
21. Strategies and Resources
Where this information comes from
Three Strategies
Four specific resources
22. Three Teaching Strategies
Emphasize and articulate Intents,
Purposes and Goals
Use a Multi-Ethical Analysis Process
Case Study Approach – 3 P’s Process
(personal, peer, professor)
23. Resources
Begley’s Value Audit Process
VEEA Journal and JALE Journal
CSLE Annotated Resource Lists
24. The Value Audit Procedure
An Integrated Problem Analysis Resource
Combining:
– Hodgkinson’s Value Paradigm
– Leithwood’s Problem Solving Framework
– Shapiro & Stefkovich Multi-ethical analysis
25. Value Audit Guidelines
Step 1: Interpret the Problem
(ethic of critique)
Step 2: A Humane Response
(ethic of care)
Step 3: Ethical Action
(ethic of justice)
26. Value Audit Guidelines (Begley)
Step 1: Interpret the Problem (ethic of critique)
– Who are the stakeholders? Are any unrecognized or
without voice? Hidden influence?
– What arenas of practice are relevant? (self, group,
profession, organization, community, culture)
– Does the conflict exist within one arena or
involves several? (e.g. personal vs organizational)
– Can the values in conflict be named?
– How much turbulence are the values creating?
(Degree of risk to people, organizations, or community)
27. Values Audit contd .
Step 2: A Humane Response (ethic of care)
– What motivations and degrees of commitment
are apparent among stake holders?
– Levels of motivation among the actors?
– Is the conflict interpersonal or intrapersonal
– What are the human needs, as opposed to
organizational or abstract philosophical
standards?
28. Values Audit contd.
Step 3: Ethical Action (ethic of justice)
– What actions or response would maximize
benefits for all stakeholders ?
– What actions or response would respect
individual rights ?
– Do competing “ends” or “purposes”
interfere with the selection of a “means”
or solution ?
29. Other Resources
CSLE Centre website
http://www.nipissingu.ca/csle/
Values and Ethics in Educational
Administration (VEEA)
Journal of Authentic Leadership in Education
(JALE)
CSLE Annotated Resource Lists