Mais conteúdo relacionado Semelhante a chapter 01 week 1 lecture 2 (20) chapter 01 week 1 lecture 23. Goals for Today
3
Review the course syllabus
Define commonly used anatomic and
kinesiologic terminolgy
Describe common movements of the body
Analyze the planes of motion and axes of
rotation for common motions
7. Kinematics
7
Translation
Rectilinear motion (straight line)
Curvilinear motion (curved line)
Rotation (movement of body about an axis)
Active movements
e.g., flexing an arm over the head
Passive movements
e.g., resistance of a stretched ligament
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
8. Kinesiology Terminology
8
Anterior: toward the front of the body
Posterior: toward the back of the body
Midline: an imaginary line that courses vertically through
the center of the body
Medial: toward the midline of the body
Lateral: away from the midline of the body
Superior: above, or toward the head
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
9. Kinesiology Terminology –
cont’d9
Inferior: below, or toward the feet
Proximal: closer to, or toward the torso
Distal: away from the torso
Cephalad: toward the head
Caudal: toward the feet, or “tail”
Superficial: toward the surface (skin) of the body
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
10. Kinesiology Terminology –
cont’d10
Deep: toward the inside (core) of the body
Origin: the proximal attachment of a muscle or ligament
Insertion: the distal attachment of a muscle or ligament
Prone: describes the position of an individual lying face
down
Supine: describes the position of an individual lying face
up
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
11. Osteokinematics
11
Planes of motion
Sagittal plane: left-right division
Frontal plane: front-back division
Horizontal (transverse) plane: top-bottom division
Anatomic position
Degrees of freedom
Number of planes of motion joint allows
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
12. Osteokinematics – cont’d
12
Axes of rotation
Anterior-posterior
e.g., hip abduction/adduction
Medial-lateral
e.g., elbow flexion/extension
Vertical (longitudinal)
Rotational movements, e.g., trunk rotation
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
13. Osteokinematics: Body Motions
13
Flexion
Motion of one bone approaching the flexor surface of another
Extension
An approximation of the extensor surfaces of two bones
Abduction
Frontal plane movement away from the midline
Adduction
Frontal plane movement to ward the midline
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
14. Osteokinematics: Body Motions –
cont’d14
Rotation
Bony segment spinning about its longitudinal axis of rotation
Inte rnalro tatio n
Anterior bone surface rotates toward the midline
Exte rnalro tatio n
Anterior bone surface rotates away from the midline
Circumduction
A circular motion through two planes
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
15. Osteokinematics: Body Motions –
cont’d15
Protraction
Translation of bone away from midline in a plane parallel to
the ground
Retraction
Movement of a bony segment to ward the midline in a plane
parallel to the ground
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
16. Osteokinematics: Body Motions –
cont’d16
Horizontal adduction and abduction
Shoulder motions in the transverse plane
Horizontal adductio n: hands come together
Horizontal abductio n: extremities move away from midline
Pronation
Forearm movement that turns the palm posteriorly
Supination
Forearm movement that turns the palm anteriorly
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
17. Osteokinematics: Body Motions –
cont’d17
Radial deviation
Lateral hand movement toward the radius
Ulnar deviation
Medial hand movement toward the ulna
Dorsiflexion
Sagittal plane ankle motion bringing the foot upward
Plantar flexion
Sagittal plane ankle motion pushing the foot downward
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
18. Osteokinematics: Body Motions –
cont’d18
Inversion and eversion
Frontal plane motions of the ankle/foot complex
Inve rsio n results in a medial-facing foot sole
Eve rsio n results in a lateral-facing foot sole
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
19. Osteokinematics: It’s All
Relative19
Two perspectives of movement at a joint
Open-chain motion
Movement of distal segment of bone about a relatively fixed
proximal segment
Closed-chain motion
Movement of proximal segment of bone about a relatively fixed
distal segment
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.