2. The Good Language Learner (GLL)
Strategies (Naiman, Frohlich, & Stern)
1. find a learning style that suits you
2. involve yourself in the language learning process
3. develop an awareness of language both as system
and as communication
4. pay constant attention to expanding your language
5. develop the L2 as a separate system
6. take into account the demands that L2 learning
imposes
3. ENL students’ strategies
• Conversation partners
• Emersion
• Labeling items
• Watching TV
• Reading
• Writing a diary
• Living with English speakers
• Memorizing dictionary
• Flowcharts
• Highlighting and outlining notes
4. Identifying Learning Strategy
• Most research states that one must indentify
what works best for the learner and use it.
• Most L2 learners are capable of remember
their learning strategies and describing them
when asked
5. Metacognitive Strategies (Fountas and
Pinnell, 2000)
-metacognitive thinking is thinking about what you
are thinking…basically
3 reasons to Teach Metacognitive Learning
1. To develop in students a deeper understanding
of text
2. To take students' thinking to a higher level
3. To steer students into adulthood
3 Steps to Metacognition
1. Develop a plan before reading
2. Monitor their understanding of text; “fix up”
strategies
3. Evaluation
6. Equation for Effective Learning
• Metacognitive Strategies +
cognitive strategies
-analyzing, note
taking, reasoning, summarzing, etc. = EFFECTIVE
LEARNING
Other factors: maturity, comprehension of previous
learning styles, and experience
Added Bonus: Use of affective and emotional side of
learning to control motivation and cooperation
7. Critical Thinking Questions
(since they are necessary in the equation of effective learning)
-Have you ever taken a course in which only cognitive learning was
needed? Can you recall that information and apply it at this very
moment?
-What do you think it takes to be an effective L2 learner?
What has hindered or helped you to be an effective L2
Learner?
-Identify the single most effective learning strategy that you have
applied to your learning of second language and consider why it
was so effective.
