This presentation was held in the context of DCCI Capacity development Workshop December 2013 In Nepal. For further information go to our website.

1. Introduction to EE, EnMS
and EA
Gyanendra P. Upadhyay, LLTE-Energy Efficiency
DCCI Training December 2013

2. Energy: Definition
Energy is the capacity of a physical system
to perform work
Units of Energy:
Joule
Calorie
kWh

3. Various forms of energy
• Potential energy
–
–
–
–
Chemical
Nuclear
Mechanical stored energy
Gravitational
–
–
–
–
–
Radiant
Thermal
Motion
Sound
Electrical
• Kinetic

4. Primary and Secondary Energy
M a jo r p r im a r y a n d s e c o n d a r y s o u r c e s
S o u rc e
C oal
E x tra c tio n
O p en
o r d eep
m in es
P ro c e s s in g
G ra d in g
P rim a r y e n e rg y
S e c o n d a ry
E n e rg y
S te a m
C oal
p u rific atio n
C ok e
H yd ro
P ower
s tatio n
N u c le a r
M in in g
E n ric h m e nt
G a s w e ll
T re atm e nt
N a tu ra l ga s
C ra c kin g
a n d refin in g
P etro l
E le c tric ity
N a tu ra l ga s
LP G
P etro le u m
O il
w e ll
D ie s e l/fu e l o ils
P etro c h e m ic a l
S te a m

5. Commercial and Non-commercial Energy
• Commercial energy is energy available
at price
– Examples are electricity, coal, lignite, oil,
and natural gas
• Non-commercial energy is energy not
available in market for a price
– Examples are firewood, cattle dung and
agricultural wastes, solar energy, animal
power, wind energy

6. Renewable & Non-renewable Energy

7. Energy Conversion
Oil burns to generate heat -->
Heat boils water -->
Water turns to steam -->
Steam pressure turns a turbine -->
Turbine turns an electric generator -->
Generator produces electricity -->
Electricity powers light bulbs -->
Light bulbs give off light and heat

8. Types of Energy/Energy Source Used in Nepalese
Industries
• Electricity
• Hydropower Plant
• Diesel generating Plant
• Co-generation Plant
• Thermal
• Bio-mass
• Coal
• Fuel Oil

9. What is Energy Efficiency ?
Something is more energy efficient if it delivers more
services/output for the same energy input, or the same
services/output for less energy input.
Energy efficiency is "using less energy to provide the same
service/output".
Improving energy efficiency can make a real difference. It
saves money, reduces carbon emissions and decreases your
country's dependence on foreign energy supplies... all at
the same time!

10. Definition of Energy Management
“The judicious and effective use of energy to
maximize profits (minimize costs) and enhance
competitive positions”
“The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy using
systems and procedures so as to reduce energy
requirements per unit of output while holding constant
or reducing total costs of producing the output from
these systems”

11. Objectives of Energy Management
•
To achieve and maintain optimum energy
procurement and utilization, through out the
organization
• To minimize energy costs / waste without
affecting production & quality
• To minimize environmental
effects.

12. Definition of Energy Audit
• the verification, monitoring and analysis of use
of energy including submission of technical
report containing recommendations for
improving energy efficiency with cost benefit
analysis and an action plan to reduce energy
consumption

13. Need for Energy Audit
• Three top operating expenses are energy (both
electrical and thermal), labour and materials.
• Energy would emerge as a top ranker for cost
reduction
• primary objective of Energy Audit is to determine ways
to reduce energy consumption per unit of product
output or to lower operating costs
• Energy Audit provides a “ bench-mark” (Reference
point) for managing energy in the organization

14. Types of Energy Audit
• Preliminary energy audit
• Targeted Energy Audit
• Detailed energy audit
• Type of energy audit chosen depends on
– Function and type of industry
– Depth to which final audit is needed
– Potential and magnitude of cost reduction desired

15. Preliminary Energy Audit Methodology
•Preliminary energy audit uses existing, or easily
data
obtained
Establish energy consumption in the organization
•Estimate the scope for saving
•Identify the most likely areas for attention
•Identify immediate ( no-/low-cost) improvements
•Set a ‘reference point’
Identify areas for more detailed
study/measurement

16. Detailed Energy Audit
• Evaluates all energy using systems,
equipment and includes detailed energy
savings and costs
• Carried out in 3 phases
– Pre-audit Phase
– Audit Phase
– Post-Audit

17. Ten Step Methodology of
Detailed Audit
S tep
No
P L A N O F A C T IO N
PU R PO SE
/ RESULTS
P h ase I – P re A u d it P h ase
S tep 1
P lan an d o rgan ise
W alk th ro u gh A u d it
In fo rm al
In terv iew
w ith
E n ergy M an ager, P ro d u ctio n
/ P lan t M an ager
R eso u rce p lan n in g, E stab lish /o rgan ize a
E n ergy au d it team
O rgan ize In stru m en ts & tim e fram e
M acro D ata co llectio n
(su itab le to typ e o f
in d u stry.)
F am iliarizatio n o f p ro cess/p lan t activ ities
F irst h an d o b serv atio n & A ssessm en t o f
cu rren t lev el o p eratio n an d p ractices
S tep 2
C o n d u ct o f b rief m eetin g /
aw aren ess p ro gram m e w ith
all d iv isio n al h ead s an d
p erso n s co n cern ed (2 -3 h rs.)
B u ild in g u p co o p eratio n
Issu e q u estio n n aire fo r each d ep artm en t
O rien tatio n , aw aren ess creatio n

18. S te p 3
S te p 4
P h a se II – A u d it P h a se
P rim a ry
d a ta
g a th e rin g ,
P ro c e ss F lo w D ia g ra m , &
E n e rg y U tility D ia g ra m
C onduct
m o n ito rin g
su rv e y
and
H isto ric
d a ta
a n a lysis,
B a se lin e
d a ta
c o lle c tio n
P re p a re p ro c e ss flo w c h a rts
A ll
se rv ic e
u tilitie s
syste m
d ia g ra m
(E x a m p le : S in g le lin e p o w e r d istrib u tio n
d ia g ra m , w a te r, c o m p re sse d a ir & ste a m
d istrib u tio n .
D e sig n , o p e ra tin g d a ta a n d sc h e d u le o f
o p e ra tio n
A n n u a l E n e rg y B ill a n d e n e rg y c o n su m p tio n
p a tte rn (R e fe r m a n u a l, lo g sh e e t, n a m e p la te ,
in te rv ie w )
M e a su re m e n ts :
M o to r su rv e y, In su la tio n , a n d L ig h tin g
su rv e y
w ith
p o rta b le
in stru m e n ts
fo r
c o lle c tio n o f m o re a n d a c c u ra te d a ta .
C o n firm a n d c o m p a re o p e ra tin g d a ta w ith
d e sig n d a ta .

19. S te p 5
C onduct
of
d e ta ile d
tria ls
/e x p e rim e n ts
fo r
s e le c te d
e n e rg y g u z z le rs
T ria ls /E x p e rim e n ts :
2 4 h o u rs p o w e r m o n ito rin g (M D , P F ,
k W h e tc .).
L o a d v a ria tio n s tre n d s in p u m p s , fa n
c o m p re s s o rs e tc .
B o ile r/E ffic ie n c y tria ls fo r (4 – 8
h o u rs )
F u rn a c e E ffic ie n c y tria ls
E q u ip m e n ts
P e rfo rm a n c e
e x p e rim e n ts e tc
S te p 6
A n a lys is o f e n e rg y u s e
E n e rg y
and
M a te ria l
lo s s /w a s te a n a lys is
S te p 7
Id e n tific a tio n a n d
d e v e lo p m e n t o f E n e rg y
C o n s e rv a tio n (E N C O N )
o p p o rtu n itie s
Id e n tific a tio n
&
C o n s o lid a tio n
ENCON
m e a s u re s
C o n c e iv e , d e v e lo p , a n d re fin e id e a s
R e v ie w th e p re v io u s id e a s s u g g e s te d b y u n it
p e rs o n a l
R e v ie w
th e p re v io u s id e a s s u g g e s te d b y
e n e rg y a u d it if a n y
U se
b ra in s to rm in g
and
v a lu e
a n a lys is
te c h n iq u e s
C o n ta c t
v e n d o rs
fo r
n e w /e ffic ie n t
te c h n o lo g y





S te p 8
S te p 9
C o s t b e n e fit a n a lys is
R e p o rtin g & P re s e n ta tio n to
th e T o p M a n a g e m e n t
b a la n c e
&
e n e rg y
A ssess
te c h n ic a l
fe a s ib ility,
e c o n o m ic
v ia b ility
and
p rio ritiz a tio n
of
ENCON
o p tio n s fo r im p le m e n ta tio n
S e le c t th e m o s t p ro m is in g p ro je c ts
P rio ritis e
by
lo w ,
m e d iu m ,
lo n g
te rm
m e a s u re s
D o c u m e n ta tio n , R e p o rt P re s e n ta tio n
M a n a g e m e n t.
to
th e to p

20. S tep10
P hase III – P ost A udit phase
Im plem entation and F ollow up
A ssist and Im plem ent E N C O N recom m endation
m easures and M onitor the perform ance
 A ction
plan,
S chedule
for
im plem entation
 F ollow -up and periodic review

21. Energy Conservations Vs Energy Efficiency
E n e rg y E ffic ie n t E q u ip m e n t u s e s le s s e n e rg y
fo r s a m e o u tp u t a n d re d u c e s C O 2 e m is s io n s
C o m p a c t f lu o r e s c e n t L a m p
15 W
In c a n d e s c e n t L a m p
60 W
C O 2 E m is s io n – 6 5 g /h r
C O 2 E m is s io n – 1 6 g /h r
Figure 1.14

22. What is an Energy Management
System? Definition
Energy
Management
System
=
Set of interrelated or interacting
elements of an organization to
establish energy policy and
objectives and to achieve those
objectives.
Overall aim: improve energy
performance
22

23. Energy Management Standard ISO 50001
ISO 50001
•
•
•
•
International Standard
Since June 2011
International Energy Management Standard
Specifies requirements for establishing, implementing,
maintaining and improving an Energy Management System
• It does not prescribe specific performance criteria
23

24. Continual Improvement
Structure of ISO 50001
Energy Policy
Planning
Management
review
Implementation &
Operation
Checking
Internal
audit
Monitoring and
measurement
Corrective and
preventive action
24

25. ISO 50001 ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
MANAGEMENT
PLAN
• Policy/Objectives/
Targets (4.3, 4.4.6)
• Resources (4.2.1)
DO
• Training (4.5.2)
• Communication (4.5.4)
• Documentation (4.5.4)
• Operational Control
(4.5.5)
CHECK
• Internal Audit (4.6.3)
• Corrective / Preventive
action (4.6.4)
ACT
• Management review
(4.7)
Management System
For Energy
ACT
CHECK
TECHNICAL
PLAN
• Energy Review (4.4.3)
• Energy baseline (4.4.4)
• Energy Performance
Indicators (4.4.5)
PLAN
DO
• Design (4.5.6)
• Energy Purchasing
(4.5.7)
DO
CHECK
• Monitoring (4.6.1)
• Measurement (4.6.1)
• Verifying action plans
results (4.4.6)
ACT
• Energy Performance
and EnPls Review (4.7.2)
25

26. Cycle of Energy Policy
Understand
Energy
Aspects
Set out
Energy
Policy
Legal and
best
practice
obligation
Opportunity for
improvement
Review
26

27. Energy Planning Process
Planning Inputs
Past and present
energy uses
Energy Review
A. ANALYSE
ENERGY USE AND
CONSUMPTION
Planning Outputs
• ENERGY BASELINE
• EnPI( s)
Relevant variables
affecting significant
energy use
• Performance
B. IDENTIFY AREAS
OF SIGNIFICANT
ENERGY USE AND
CONSUMPTION
• OBJECTIVE S
• TARGETS
• PERSONAL
Legal requirements
and other
requirements
C. IDENTIFY
OPPORTUNITIES FOR
IMPROVING ENERGY
PERFORMANCE
• ACTION PLANS
27

28. General steps to certification
Initiate
contact to
certifier
Certification
& beyond
Meet
assessment
team
Onsite
Assessment
Advisory
services
(training if
required)
Preliminary
review
28

29. Benefits of implementing EnMS
Improves efficiency and productivity by reducing
energy variation, inefficiency & energy losses
Reduces energy cost / increases profitability
Reduces GHG/carbon footprint/protect
environment
Improves employee motivation and involvement
Secures energy supply
Helps to confirm to new & stricter legislation
Increasing focus on corporate responsibility –
improves reputation at clients
29

30. Compatibility of ISO 50001 with other standards
Occupational
Health & safety
Quality
ISO
9001
Environment
OHSAS
18001
ISO
14001
ISO
50001
Energy
30

31. Energy Auditor: Skill Requirement
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reading Comprehension
Active Listening
Writing
Speaking
Critical thinking
Judgment and decision
making
• Mathematics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Monitoring
System analysis
Problem solving
Time Management
Coordination
Persuasion
Science
System evaluation

32. Data Collection format (General)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Name of Business
Type of Business
Location
Address and Contact Person
Products
Production Capacity
?
?
?

33. Data Collection format
SN
Production:
Product 1
Product 2
…………
Product n
Raw material:
RM 1
RM 2
…….
RM n
Electricity, kWh
Fuel:
Fuel 1
Fuel 2
…………….
Fuel n
Year 01
Year 02
Year 03
33

34. Data Collection format
Month Energy in units (kWh)
T1
T2
T3
Total Demand in kVA
Energy
T1
T2
Total
Demand
T3
34

35. Data Collection format
S. N. Equipment
kW
kVA
P.F. kVAR
Remarks
Reference
35