1. Welcome to Energy and the Environment PHYSC 110

7. U.S. Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2008 (Quadrillion Btu)

8. What is Energy Consumption? When an energy source is consumed it is not “used up”, rather it is converted to a more useful form. Remember: Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Chemical Energy (Oil) Thermal Energy (Boiler) Mechanical Energy (Turbine) Electrical Energy (Generator)

10. U.S. Renewable Energy Consumption, 2008

13. History of U.S. Energy Consumption Phase 3 Population Phase 1 Phase 2

19. U.S. Energy Consumption Overview In 1950, the United States became reliant on other countries for petroleum. We lost our energy independence.

21. U.S. Crude Oil Imports Top 10 Countries, May 2009 (Thousand Barrels per Day) * Member of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) Our addiction to oil supports these countries financial even though many are not considered our “friends” CANADA 1,746 VENEZUELA * 1,228 MEXICO 1,088 SAUDI ARABIA * 996 NIGERIA * 552 ANGOLA * 493 RUSSIA 416 BRAZIL 380 IRAQ * 254 COLOMBIA 227

26. Fig. 1-12, p. 19 Actual Production Hubbert’s Prediction U.S. Oil Peak, 1971

29. The Consequences of Peak Oil How will oil depletion impact our lives in the years ahead? Our modern lifestyle may may be a thing of the past!! Big deal. If gas prices get high, I’ll just drive less. Why should I give a damn?

38. Concentration of CO 2 in Earth’s Atmosphere, 1744–2008

40. What’s a Degree or So? “ The typical temperature difference for the whole world between an ice age and an interglacial interval is only 3 o to 6 o C. This should set the alarm bells ringing: A temperature change of only a few degrees can be serious business.” Carl Sagan, Billions & Billions , 1997.

44. “ We are leaving an era in which whatever effects we are having on the environment were perceived to be manageable and reversible (air pollution, smog, acid rain) and entering an era in which our effects on the climate and earth’s natural system are becoming potentially unmanageable and irreversible”. Much more on climate change later in the semester