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The Earth’s Climate System
Climate vs.  Weather  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Climate vs. Weather ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Climate Change and  the Climate System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ice Ages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Recall the evidence for the last glacial period during our hike
Ice Ages Glacial Glacial Glacial Glacial Today’s Interglacial Period
Cause of the Ice Ages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Climate Forcing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Plate Tectonics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics and  Global Cooling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Plate Tectonics and  Global Warming ,[object Object],[object Object]
Flood Basalts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Aerosols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reflective Aerosols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Aerosols and Volcanic Eruptions  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Black Carbon Aerosols  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solar Variability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solar Variability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solar Variability ,[object Object]
Solar Minimums ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Greenhouse Gasses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Few Words about Water Vapor.. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Greenhouse Gasses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rates of Climate Change ,[object Object],[object Object]
Rates of Climate Change ,[object Object],[object Object]
Abrupt Climate Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Abrupt Climate Change ,[object Object],[object Object],Stable State Unstable State
Abrupt Climate Change ,[object Object],[object Object],Stable State Unstable State
Climate Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Climate Feedback
Examples of Feedbacks when atmospheric temperature increase ,[object Object],[object Object]
Feedback and the Climate System ,[object Object],[object Object],Positive Feedback Negative Feedback Note:  It is  positive , rather than negative feedbacks that contribute to abrupt climate changes.
Climate Feedback Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ocean – Carbon Dioxide Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ocean – Carbon Dioxide Feedback Note the positive correlation between  atmospheric CO 2  and global temperature over the past 450,000 years.
Water Vapor Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ice-Albedo Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Methane Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Methane Feedback - PETM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Methane Feedback Arctic Permafrost ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cloud Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biological Feedbacks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ocean Circulation Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ocean Circulation Feedback
Ocean Circulation Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ocean Circulation Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Younger Dryas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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