Linking verbs and action verbs

1. PRINCIPALDEFINITIONS

2. SENTENCE
VERB
VERB PHRASE

3. GROUP OF WORDS
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
VERB VERB PHRASE
SENTENCE
NOUN PRONOUN
ACTION VERBS LINKING VERBS
MAIN VERBS
FLY
SWIM
PLAY
RIDE
JUMP
FEEL
SMELL
GROW
IS
SEEM
HELPING VERB + MAIN VERB
MAIN VERB (ACTION VERB OR LINKING VERB)
I WILL BE A TEACHER
WILL (HELPING VERB)
BE (MAIN VERB)

4. My mother´s friend loves to her husband.
The dog is running in the park.
They can preparate roasted chicken easily.
EXAMPLES
SUBJECT
NOUN
PREDICATE
VERB
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
VERB PHRASE
HV M V
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
VERB PHRASE
M VHVPRONOUN
NOUN

5. INFLECTION FORMS
“S”-” “ED”-”ING”

6. Indicate TENSE, PERSON AND NUMBER.
Indicates present tense in third persons singular concord with a subject.
indicates the PAST TENSE.Here we Change a verb from present to past tense
(walk- walked)
INFLECTIONS
THE
INFLECTIONS
“S”, ES, IES”
THE
INFLECIONS
“D, ED, IED”
Verb endings also indicate PERSON. Recall that when we looked
at nouns and pronouns, we´ll see that there are three persons,
each with a singular and a plural form.

7. “ING”
• Take- Taking Try- Trying Use- Using
• Hit -Hitting Write - Writing

8. Base Form + Inflection
[1] She travel + s to work by train
[2] David sing + s in the choir
[3] We walk + ed five miles to a garage
[4] They cook + ed a meal for the whole family

9. An auxiliary verb ("have" + "been") and a main verb in
the –ing form
Auxiliary"have"+"been" Verb(-ing)
Everybody
He
hasbeen
hadbeen
working
singing
hard

10. • A verb with "have" and "been" and the present participle expresses perfect continuous
aspect. A verb with have/has expresses present perfect continuous, and a verb with had
expresses past perfect continuous.

11. MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

12. Before we look at some of the possible meanings of modal auxiliary verbs we need to have some idea of
what constitutes a modal in English and where they occur in a sentence. A few more examples should enable
us to answer the second of these points fairly quickly and easily - the modals are in bold:
1. He should be here by now.
2. I could swim quite well when I was younger.
3. You mustn't blame yourself for this.
4. You might have discussed it with me first.
5. You can't be serious!
6. Could you open the window please?
7. Must you make so much noise?
8. She had to take her brother along with her.
9. We ought to be going.

13. • It should be clear from these examples that the modal verb occupies the first position in
verb phrase, coming before any other auxiliary verb (like have or be) and the main lexical
verb.
• The subject of the sentence has no effect on the form of the modal since almost in all
cases they do not change at all.

14. • A modal verb (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would) and a main verb:
Modal Verb Main verb
They
He
will
might
come.
come.

16. THE VERBS PHRASE IN ENGLISH HAS THE FALLOWING FORMS:
Number 1 A main verb
Verb
We are here
I like it
Everybody saw the accident
We laughed
The verb may be in present tense (are-like) or the past tense (saw-laughed)
A verb phrase with only a main verb expresses simple aspect.

17. Number 2 An auxiliary verb (“be”) and a main verb
in –ing form
Auxiliary be Verb (-ing)
Everybody is watching
We were laughing
A verb phrase with “be” and -ing expresses continuos aspect.

18. Number 3 An auxiliary verb (“have”) and a main verb with past participle.
Auxiliary have Verb (Past participle)
They have enjoyed themselves
Everybody has worked hard
He had finished work
The verb with “have” and the past participle expresses perfect aspect.
A verb with have/has expresses present perfect.
And a verb with had expresses past perfect.

19. Can be used as the main phrase of sentence.
I have been thinking about that book.
 A finite verb phrase can have differen forms:
TENSE FORM VOICE
PAST PERFECT ACTIVE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS PASSIVE

20. Finite verb phrase to indicate past or present tense:
The bird flew toward the mountain.
The bird flies toward the mountain.
(Past tense)
(Present tense)

21. Finite verb phrase to indicate perfect or continuous form:
The bird has flown toward the mountain.
The bird was flying toward the mountain.
Perfect tense
Continuous tense

22. Finite verb phrase can be use i active or passive voice:
They saw a bird flying.
A flying bird was seen by there.
(Active voice)
(Passive voice)

23. Can be an infinitive, gerund or participle.
My sisters likes to play the violen
Infinitive verb phrase
 An infinitive phrase starts with an infinitive followed by objects and
modifiers.
 It can also start with an infinitive followed by objects or modifiers.
 An infinitive verb phrase begins with the word “to”.

24. Consist of a gerund, objects and modifiers.
It sometimes consists of a gerund,objects and modifiers.
A gerund phrase contains a verb ending with –ing and function as a noun
in a sentence.
She enjoyed singing in the concert.
Gerund phrase

25. Consist or present or past or perfect participle and object and modifiers.
It may sometime consist of present or past or perfect participle and objects
or modifiers.
A princiapl phrase is used as an adjective to modify nouns and pronouns.
The barking dogs were chased away.
Participial phrase

26. TENSES AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Present Simple The traditional pubs in London close at 10 pm every day.
Present Continuos The traditional pubs in London are closing by the bankruptcy.
Present Perfect The traditional pubs in London have closed by the bankruptcy.
Present Perfect Continuos The traditional pubs in Londond have been closing by the
bankruptcy.
Simple Past The traditional pubs in London closed by the bankruptcy.
Past Perfect The traditional pubs in London had closed.

27. type affirmative sentence
Past continuous The traditional pubs in London were closing by the bankruptcy.
Past perfect continuous The traditional pubs in London had been closing by the bankruptcy.
Future The traditional pubs in London will close by the bankruptcy.
Future perfect The most beautifull traditional pubs in London will have closed by the
bankruptcy.
future continuous The traditional pubs in London will be closing by the bankruptcy.
future perfect continuous The traditional pubs in London will have been closing by the bankruptcy.

28. PHRASAL VERBS
• Break down: His car broke down
• Break up: Josselyn and Diego have broken up their relationship.
• Bring back: Bring me my CDS back, please.
• Call of: The match was calle off.
• Come back: He´ll come back tomorrow.
• Get out: You´re not welcome get out here.
• Get by: It´s difficuly to get by with a dollar.

29. • Get on with: I get on very well with everyone.
• Hang out: She hangs out with friends in the bar.
• Keep on: Keep on persevering.
• Take off: Take off the scarf.
• Try on: Try on the t-shirt