1. Tuesday 8th June 2010G322 Institutions and Audiences Revision

2. From Exam Board The issues raised by media ownership in contemporary media practice The importance of cross media convergence and synergy in production, distribution and marketing. The technologies that have been introduced in recent years at the levels of production, distribution, marketing and exchange

3. From Exam Board The significance of proliferation in hardware and content for institutions and audiences The importance of technological convergence for institutions and audiences The issues raised in the targeting of national and local audiences (specifically, British) by international or global institutions The ways in which the candidates’ own experiences of media consumption illustrate wider patterns and trends of audience behaviour.

4. The issues raised by media ownership in contemporary media practice

5. The issues raised by media ownership in contemporary media practice Issues Production Distribution/Marketing Exhibition/Exchange Consumption Media Ownership Film Murdoch Film 4 and Channel 4 Contemporary media practice Film Film case studies – Hollywood, Working Title, Film Four

6. Film Four Productions Feature film commissioning department of Channel 4. Examples: Slumdog Millionaire, Happy Go Lucky, This is England

7. Rupert Murdoch Beginning with one newspaper in Adelaide, Murdoch acquired and started other publications in his native Australia before expanding News Corp. into the United Kingdom, United States and Asian media markets. Although it was in Australia in the late 1950s that he first dabbled in television, he later sold these assets, and News Corp.'s Australian current media interests (still mainly in print) are restricted by cross-media ownership rules. Murdoch's first permanent foray into TV was in the UK, where he created Sky Television in 1989. In the 2000s, he became a leading investor in satellite television, the film industry and the Internet.

8. The issues raised by media ownership in contemporary media practice Positive Working Title gets money from US companies and films such as Four Weddings and a Funeral, Trainspotting and Slumdog Millionaire. Negative Ventures can be seen as unsuccessful as films made do not truly represent Britain. Hence the importance of the British Film Industry.

9. The importance of cross media convergence and synergy in production, distribution and marketing.

10. Cross Media Convergence What does convergence mean and why is it important? When two or more technologies come together to create a new technology. Audiences: Everything in one product. Institutions: Audiences tied to one product.

12. Synergy = Integration of media ownership

13. Star-performer-product synergy Development of a star persona across a range of media sites. A pop star releases albums works on film soundtrack/scores write books use song in advert involved in rock documentaries etc

14. Production synergy Until 2000 Pinewood Studios, Shepperton Studios and Teddington Studios were competing companies. Neither could quit The UK while the others remained. However, now they have been merged into one company to have a near total monopoly of UK film and TV production (from James Bond to Dragon’s Den). This can only be in The British Public Interest if the studios are required to remain in The UK employing British based workers but they moved much of their industry to Germany and Malaysia http://www.savethebritishfilmindustry.com/

15. Distribution and Marketing SynergySony Case Study Tonight I could watch a Sony produced film (Godzilla) on my Sony DVD player and 32 in Sony TV. Later I could listen to the Sony produced soundtrack featuring Jamiroquai, a Sony recording artist on my Sony CD player. Later, I could research the film on my Sony laptop and call someone to discuss the film on my Sony phone and just before I go to sleep I could play the Sony produced Godzilla game on my Sony playstation...........

16. The importance of cross media convergence and synergy in production, distribution and marketing. Synergy High School Musical – on stage, on ice, music videos, soundtrack etc http://thedisneyblog.com/2008/04/19/whats-wrong-with-disney-synergy-gone-wild/ http://wireless.ign.com/articles/819/819580p1.html Working Title Soundtracks For example Notting Hill ‘When You Say Nothing’ Ronan Keating.

17. The technologies that have been introduced in recent years at the levels of production, distribution, marketing and exchange

18. The technologies that have been introduced in recent years at the levels of production, distribution, marketing and exchange New Technologies Internet/Downloading Mobile Phones Ipods Games Consoles Production Digital cameras HD cameras

19. The technologies that have been introduced in recent years at the levels of production, distribution, marketing and exchange Distribution/Marketing Watch films on the internet, mobile phones, ipads etc Viral marketing Channel 4, Film Four Exchange Cinema – 3D, 4D?, Multiplexes, Arthouse Cinemas, IMAX Home – DVD/Blu Ray/HD, TV, Sky/Cable. Pay per view, VoD

20. How have new technologies affected the film? Are these effects positive or negative? CGI and Special Effects Growth of affordable digital technology to increase film making opportunities Production Positive or negative? Consumption Increase of technology Blu-Ray, Home Cinema, DVD, PVRs Convergence of products to watch them on Piracy Positive or negative?

21. The significance of proliferation in hardware and content for institutions and audiences

22. The significance of proliferation in hardware and content for institutions and audiences Proliferation A sudden increase in the amount or number of something

23. Proliferation (through technology) Downloading – itunes, ipod, apple TV Digital Piracy – DVD’s, filesharing Social Networking Sites – marketing and buzz Accessibility – everywhere??? Control – industry/audiences

24. Proliferation

25. The significance of proliferation in hardware and content for institutions and audiences Institutions A media institution is an established, often profit-based organization, that deals in the creation and distribution of advertising, entertainment and information services. Examples of Media Institutions include: News International, Time Warner, General Electric, Viacom, The Walt Disney Company, Bertelsmann, Vivendi Universal, Sony, Ofcom and the BBC.

26. The significance of proliferation in hardware and content for institutions and audiences Institutions Cameras Ipads Internet Mobile phones = an increase in the number of people that can be reached through marketing Audiences Exposure to rapid increase of technology Pressure to buy the latest products? More mobile technology available and able to consume films at a faster more convenient rate

27. The importance of technological convergence for institutions and audiences

28. The importance of technological convergence for institutions and audiences Positive More people have access to films Negative Piracy

29. The issues raised in the targeting of national and local audiences (specifically, British) by international or global institutions

30. The issues raised in the targeting of national and local audiences (specifically, British) by international or global institutions National Of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country Local Relating to or applicable to a city or town or district rather than a larger area

31. The issues raised in the targeting of national and local audiences (specifically, British) by international or global institutions National audiences Hollywood films Working Title films – US audience as well as UK eg Notting Hill, The Boat that Rocked (US and UK trailers), Star casting Film Festivals – Atonement Pride and Prejudice http://www.workingtitlefilms.com/newsArticle.php?newsID=93 Local audiences Working Title Films – Notting Hill, Bridget Jones which are filmed in various locations in UK.

32. The issues raised in the targeting of national and local audiences (specifically, British) by international or global institutions International Concerning or belonging to all or at least two or more nations Global Involving the entire earth; not limited or provincial in scope

33. The issues raised in the targeting of national and local audiences (specifically, British) by international or global institutions International Institutions Vivendi Studio Canal Universal Pictures International Global Institutions Hollywood Walt Disney Sony Universal Studios

34. UK vs Hollywood Hollywood dominates. Different cultural values and appeals. Successful partnerships… FilmFour relies on joint partnerships with other companies to make films: Slumdog Millionaire = Celador Films, Pathe Pictures Trainspotting = Polygram, Figment Films Four Weddings = Polygram, Working Title FilmFour relies on American studios to distribute their films to an international audience: Slumdog Millionaire = Fox Searchlight Trainspotting = Miramax Films Four Weddings = Gramercy Pictures

35. The ways in which the candidates’ own experiences of media consumption illustrate wider patterns and trends of audience behaviour.

36. The ways in which the candidates’ own experiences of media consumption illustrate wider patterns and trends of audience behaviour. Candidates’ own experiences Make personal comments Use first person Media Consumption Exhibition/Exchange Cinema Home

37. wider patterns and trends of audience behaviour. We can write reviews on websites like rotten tomatoes http://uk.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/

38. wider patterns and trends of audience behaviour. Social Networking sites Facebook – you can write your favourite film in your profile page Facebook – start groups based on the success of films eg Fans of Avatar Second Life – you can even create your own digital Avatar

39. wider patterns and trends of audience behaviour. What does this mean? Audiences can control the popularity of films – effecting exhibition/exchange. Illegal downloads/Piracy – audiences control the amount of money films make. Piracy – End of the cinema?

40. Your Experiences How do you consume films?

41. Us challenging them… Remember that YOU are a key part of the film industry. YOUR behaviour influences what they (the institutions) do. Be prepared to comment on the power of the audience!

42. Please, please, please... Look at this website before your exam. It has some useful information on Production, Distribution, Exhibition, Piracy and you tube clips. The website but NOT the actual power point presentation will be added to the blog. http://prezi.com/sdh-zvr-wddo/g322teachingfilm/

43. Finally.... In case I forget, all the best for your exam tomorrow.