importance of prgoramming and programming languages with a few given exampleas

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ICT
Importance of programming and programming languages
By Ebin Robinson
AS Level
IN721
LCI

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Why is programming soimportant in the modernworld?
Nowadays everyone has a smartphone in their hand which is due to the
technology revolution started by Apple.
Since then the smartphone industry has grown a lot. So in modern day
programming is necessary to make the people to follow a company and
increase the competitive edge of a company by providing innovative
technologies to people's hands.
Now there is a little shift from traditional retail to e-commerce which is made
through programming. Programming is now focused on making feel
convenient so it is necessary in the modern world since people want to save
time by any means.
Programming is definitely important. Hundreds of universities, thousands of
professors, and scores and scores of students and practitioners teaching,
learning and practicing the discipline are enough testimony to the fact. Some of
the more obvious reasons programming is important are:
 To interact with machines and computers
 To harness the power of computing in all human endeavor
 To automate tasks
 To create intelligent machines,etc
Nothing is possible without programming in current generation.
From the fan to your mobile, everything is built-in programmed.
Even electrical and mechanical engineers after their raw workout, will move to

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the final stage - Coding the tool.
Only then you can give life to that object.
Imagine there is no programming,just a hypothetical and funny thinking.
Satellite stops working, no TV, No Radio , No mobile , No stock exchange ,
No aerial resourcing of mining, fishing , agriculture and all resources, no
vehicles , no instruments , etc.,
No programming = No life to modern generation.
Whatis data typeand whyit is important in programming languages?
In case of programming languages, you can consider your body as data, the
disease as your data type, the medicines as the operators/functions or anything
that can work on data and ofcourse you, a programmer, would be the doctor.
Now, on the very basic level you need to know what type of data are you
working on. Without that, it wouldn't be easy and in some cases nigh
impossible to determine how to approach towards solution.
We can substitute a compiler/interpreter as the doctor as well. In that case, the
significance of the exact type of data is even more as the compiler/interpreter
must know if the program that is being fed as the input is valid or not. To be
more precise, it must check if the operations that you are trying to perform are
compliant with the data type of the data. It doesn't make sense to perform an
addition on two data-points: an integer (say 893) and a string (say
"programming").
What is Computer programming?
Computer programming (often shortened to programming) is a process that
leads from an original formulation of a computing problem
to executable computer programs. Programming involves activities such as

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analysis, developing understanding, generating algorithms, verification of
requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources
consumption, and implementation (commonly referred to as coding) of
algorithms in a target programming language. Source code is written in one or
more programming. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of
instructions that will automate performing a specific task or solving a given
problem. The process of programming thus often requires expertise in many
different subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized
algorithms and formal logic.
Related tasks include testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code,
implementation of the build system, and management of derived artefacts such
as machine code of computer programs. These might be considered part of the
programming process, but often the term "software development" is used for
this larger process with the term "programming", "implementation", or
"coding" reserved for the actual writing of source code. Software
engineering combines engineering techniques with development practices.
Types of Programming languages are :-
Different languages have different purposes, so it makes sense to talk about
different kinds, or types, of languages. Some types are:
 Machine languages — interpreted directly in hardware
 Assembly languages — thin wrappers over a corresponding machine
language
 High-level languages — anything machine-independent
 System languages — designed for writing low-level tasks, like memory
and process management
 Scripting languages — generally extremely high-level and powerful
 Domain-specific languages — used in highly special-purpose areas only

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 Visual languages — non-text based
 Esoteric languages — not really intended to be used
These types are not mutually exclusive: Perl is both high-level and scripting; C
is considered both high-level and system.
Other types people have identified: Toy, Educational, Very High-Level,
Compiled, Interpreted, Free-Form, Curly Brace, Applicative, Von Neumann,
Expression-Oriented, Persistent, Concurrent, Glue, Intermediate, Quantum,
Hybrid.
A few examples of Software are:
 Java - Java is a set of several computer software and specifications
developed by Sun Microsystems. later acquired by Oracle Corporation,
that provides a system for developing application software and
deploying it in a cross-platform computing environment. Java is used in
a wide variety of computing platforms from embedded
devices and mobile phones to enterprise servers and supercomputers.
While less common, Java applets run in secure, sandboxed environments
to provide many features of native applications and can be embedded
in HTML pages. It was first released in 23 January 1996.
 Android 4.4 Kitkat - Android 4.4 "KitKat" is a version of
the Android mobile operating system developed by Google. Google
announced Android 4.4 KitKat on September 3, 2013. Although initially
under the "Key Lime Pie" ("KLP") codename, the name was changed
because "very few people actually know the taste of a key lime pie."
Some technology bloggers also expected the "Key Lime Pie" release to
be Android 5. KitKat debuted on Google's Nexus 5 on October 31, 2013,

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and was optimised to run on a greater range of devices than earlier
Android versions, having 512 MB of RAM as a recommended
minimum; those improvements were known as "Project Svelte"
internally at Google. The required minimum amount of RAM available
to Android is 340 MB, and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM
must report themselves as "low RAM" devices.
KitKat's new features
User interface and apps
 Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue
 Clock no longer shows bold hours; all digits are thin. The H, M, and S
markings for the stopwatch and timer have been removed, leaving just the
numbers.
 New framework for UI transitions
 Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status
bars
 Ability for applications to use "immersive mode" to keep the navigation
and status bars hidden while maintaining user interaction
 Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a
"Menu" key, which was officially deprecated by Android 4.0.
 Wi-Fi and mobile data activity (TX/RX) indicators are moved to quick
settings
 Settings application no longer uses a multi-pane layout on devices with
larger screens
 Settings application now makes it possible to select default text messaging
and home (launcher) application
 Built-in screen recording feature (primarily for developers, as usage of
ADB is required)

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WebView
 WebView components now based on Chromium engine (feature parity with
Chrome 30 for Android)
 Disables text wrapping in the WebView browser component
Storage
 Restriction for applications when accessing external storage, except for
their own directories. This restriction was later removed in Android
Lollipop.
 Storage Access Framework, an API allowing apps to retrieve files in a
consistent manner. As part of the framework, a new system file picker
allows users to access files from various sources (including those exposed
by apps, such as online storage services).
APIs
 Optimizations for performance on devices with lower specifications,
including zRAM support and "low RAM" device API
 Public API for developing and managing text messaging clients
 Sensor batching, step detector and counter APIs
 Native infrared blaster API
 Expanded accessibility APIs and system-level closed captioning settings
 Android Runtime (ART) introduced as a new experimental application
runtime environment, not enabled by default, as a replacement for the
Dalvik virtual machine
Hardware
 Wireless printing capability
 Bluetooth Message Access Profile (MAP) support
 NFC host card emulation, enabling a device to replace smart cards

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 Audio tunneling, audio monitoring and loudness enhancer
 Disabled access to battery statistics by third-party applications
Other
 Expanded functionality for notification listener services
 iOS - iOS (originally iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system created
and developed by Apple Inc. and distributed exclusively for Apple
hardware. It is the operating system that presently powers many of the
company's mobile devices, including the iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. It
is the most commonly used mobile operating system in Canada, the
United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, andAustralia,
while Android is the most popular mobile operating system as it is most
popular in most other countries. iOS is also the most commonly used
tablet operating system in the world.
Originally unveiled in 2007, for the iPhone, it has been extended to
support other Apple devices such as the iPod Touch(September
2007), iPad (January 2010), iPad Mini (November 2012) and second-
generation Apple TV onward (September 2010). As of January 2015,
Apple's App Store contained more than 1.4 million iOS applications,
725,000 of which are native for iPads.These mobile apps have
collectively been downloaded more than 100 billion times.
Bibliography
Quora digest Android.co.uk
Apple.com Wikipedia
Goodreads