4. Figure 8.7a a b c d e f Nonaxial Uniaxial Biaxial Multiaxial a Plane joint (intercarpal joint)
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6. Figure 8.7b b Hinge joint (elbow joint) a b c d e f Nonaxial Uniaxial Biaxial Multiaxial
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8. Figure 8.7c c Pivot joint (proximal radioulnar joint) a b c d e f Nonaxial Uniaxial Biaxial Multiaxial
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10. Figure 8.7d d Condyloid joint (metacarpophalangeal joint) a b c d e f Nonaxial Uniaxial Biaxial Multiaxial
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12. Figure 8.7e e Saddle joint (carpometacarpal joint of thumb) a b c d e f Nonaxial Uniaxial Biaxial Multiaxial
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14. Figure 8.7f f Ball-and-socket joint (shoulder joint) a b c d e f Nonaxial Uniaxial Biaxial Multiaxial
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16. Figure 8.8a (a) Sagittal section through the right knee joint Femur Tendon of quadriceps femoris Suprapatellar bursa Patella Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa Synovial cavity Lateral meniscus Posterior cruciate ligament Infrapatellar fat pad Deep infrapatellar bursa Patellar ligament Articular capsule Lateral meniscus Anterior cruciate ligament Tibia
17. Figure 8.8b (b) Superior view of the right tibia in the knee joint, showing the menisci and cruciate ligaments Medial meniscus Articular cartilage on medial tibial condyle Anterior Anterior cruciate ligament Articular cartilage on lateral tibial condyle Lateral meniscus Posterior cruciate ligament
21. Figure 8.8d Articular capsule Oblique popliteal ligament Lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle Fibular collateral ligament Arcuate popliteal ligament Tibia Femur Medial head of gastrocnemius muscle Tendon of semimembranosus muscle (d) Posterior view of the joint capsule, including ligaments Popliteus muscle (cut) Tendon of adductor magnus Bursa Tibial collateral ligament
22. PLAY Animation: Rotatable knee Figure 8.8e Fibular collateral ligament Posterior cruciate ligament Medial condyle Tibial collateral ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Medial meniscus Patellar ligament Patella Quadriceps tendon Lateral condyle of femur Lateral meniscus Fibula Tibia (e) Anterior view of flexed knee, showing the cruciate ligaments (articular capsule removed, and quadriceps tendon cut and reflected distally)
25. Figure 8.10a PLAY Animation: Rotatable shoulder Acromion of scapula Synovial membrane Fibrous capsule Hyaline cartilage Coracoacromial ligament Subacromial bursa Fibrous articular capsule Tendon sheath Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle Synovial cavity of the glenoid cavity containing synovial fluid Humerus (a) Frontal section through right shoulder joint
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28. Figure 8.10c Acromion Coracoacromial ligament Subacromial bursa Coracohumeral ligament Greater tubercle of humerus Transverse humeral ligament Tendon sheath Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle Articular capsule reinforced by glenohumeral ligaments Subscapular bursa Tendon of the subscapularis muscle Scapula Coracoid process (c) Anterior view of right shoulder joint capsule
29. Figure 8.10d Acromion Coracoid process Articular capsule Glenoid cavity Glenoid labrum Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle Glenohumeral ligaments Tendon of the subscapularis muscle Scapula Posterior Anterior (d) Lateral view of socket of right shoulder joint, humerus removed
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31. Figure 8.11a Articular capsule Synovial membrane Synovial cavity Articular cartilage Coronoid process Tendon of brachialis muscle Ulna Humerus Fat pad Tendon of triceps muscle Bursa Trochlea Articular cartilage of the trochlear notch (a) Median sagittal section through right elbow (lateral view)
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33. Figure 8.11b Humerus Lateral epicondyle Articular capsule Radial collateral ligament Olecranon process Anular ligament Radius Ulna (b) Lateral view of right elbow joint
34. PLAY Animation: Rotatable elbow Figure 8.11d Articular capsule Anular ligament Coronoid process (d) Medial view of right elbow Radius Humerus Medial epicondyle Ulnar collateral ligament Ulna
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36. Figure 8.12a Articular cartilage Coxal (hip) bone Ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres) Synovial cavity Articular capsule Acetabular labrum Femur (a) Frontal section through the right hip joint
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38. PLAY Animation: Rotatable hip Figure 8.12c Ischium Iliofemoral ligament Ischiofemoral ligament Greater trochanter of femur (c) Posterior view of right hip joint, capsule in place
39. Figure 8.12d Anterior inferior iliac spine Iliofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament Greater trochanter (d) Anterior view of right hip joint, capsule in place
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41. Figure 8.13a Zygomatic process Mandibular fossa Articular tubercle Infratemporal fossa External acoustic meatus Articular capsule Ramus of mandible Lateral ligament (a) Location of the joint in the skull
42. Figure 8.13b Articular capsule Mandibular fossa Articular disc Articular tubercle Superior joint cavity Inferior joint cavity Mandibular condyle Ramus of mandible Synovial membranes (b) Enlargement of a sagittal section through the joint
43. Figure 8.13c Lateral excursion: lateral (side-to-side) movements of the mandible Outline of the mandibular fossa Superior view
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