Efficiënt watergebruik: een mondiaal probleem voor Vlaanderen. Presentatie voor Rudy Vannevel, VMM tijdens IFEST 2012 op woensdag 15 februari 2012. www.ifest.be

1. Efficiënt Watergebruik:
een mondiaal probleem
voor Vlaanderen
Rudy Vannevel
IFEST
Seminarie
Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij
A. Van de Maelestraat 96
B-9320 Erembodegem Gent-Flanders Expo,
Belgium
15.02.2012
r.vannevel@vmm.be
© VMM – R. Vannevel

2. Inhoud
1. Terminologie & context
2. Sanitaire revolutie
3. Implementatie W.ResEff
4. Integratie in de praktijk
5. Uitdagingen
© VMM – R. Vannevel

3. Terminologie
‘Efficiënt Watergebruik’
1. Efficiënt vs. rationeel
- Kosten- vs milieuefficiëntie
2. Gebruik vs. verbruik
- Aanwending vs. omzet
3. Water vs Resources
- Water = ‘een natuurlijk goed’
- ‘Resources’= voorraad vs. hulpbron
>> “rationeel gebruik watervoorraden”
© VMM – R. Vannevel

4. Sanitaire revolutie
London: “The Dolphin or Grand Junction Nuisance” (John Wright, 1827)
1. The Dolphin – Thames river
2. Great common sewer
3. Grand Junction Company – water supply
7000 fam. Westminster (steam engine house)
4. Chelsea Hospital
© VMM – R. Vannevel

5. Politics Economic
capital
Sanitary
revolution
Cholera
People migration
Waste water
treatment
Law Spatial
Drinking water infrastructure
supply
Public Administration
Sciences Social Natural
capital capital
Industrial revolution –
Technological developments
Environmental technology
Medical developments
Environmental law
Policy developments Developments
© VMM – R. Vannevel

6. Sanitary revolution: innovations & developments
Environmental technology Medical
Drinking water supply - Bacteriology
- sand filtration drinking water supply
- cast-iron water pipes
Sanitary facilities Environmental law
- toilets + floating ball system
Waste water collection - ‘Waterworks Clauses Act’ (1848)
- arterial sewer networks (+ manholes)
- main sewers
Policy
- rain water > waste water sewers
- Commercial water companies >
- separate rain/waste w. sewers
public authorities
Waste water treatment
- filter beds
- sludge treatment
Firefighting = Water resource efficiency
- ball hydrant & hose reel
© VMM – R. Vannevel

7. Politics Economic
capital
Sanitary
revolution
Cholera
People migration
Waste water
treatment
Law Spatial
Drinking water infrastructure
supply
Public Administration
Sciences Social Natural
capital ? capital
Industrial revolution –
Technological developments
Environmental technology Sustainable development
Medical developments
Environmental law
Policy developments
© VMM – R. Vannevel

8. England European cities Haïti (2010): cholera
19th C. 19th-20th C. Indonesia, India: diarrhoea
‘Sanitary revolution’ ‘Sanitary revolution’ …:…
Water
Europe Worldwide
Londen Local – Regional - Global
1950 - Smog – Mexico City MA
New Clean Air Act
1950 > 1980 > 2005 :
Air 3.1 > 13.4 > 19.2 mill. inh.
1992: Air Quality Progr.
China – Chongqing
21st C.
Worldwide = ‘Sanitary revolution’ bis
> 1990 - 32 mil inh. / 31815 km² (metr.)
‘Climate change’ / +25 km²/y
Combined env. issues
Atmosphere
Urban (metropolitan) areas
© VMM – R. Vannevel

9. Climate change impact –
Sea level rise
Saline intrusion in
the Belgian coastal area
(Prof. Luc Lebbe, Ghent University)
© VMM – R. Vannevel

10. Politics Economic
capital
Sanitary
revolution
Cholera
People migration
Waste water
treatment
Law Spatial
Drinking water infrastructure
supply
Public Administration
Sciences Social Natural
capital ? capital
Industrial revolution –
Technological developments
Environmental technology
W.STRESS
Medical developments W.use
~ W.demand
Environmental law ~ w.supply
~ w.abstraction
Policy developments
~ w.availability
© VMM – R. Vannevel

11. W.Use &
1800 1886 1990 2000 2010 2030 2050
Res.Eff.
1 mio inh.
London
w.use >>> w.use =
pop. growth. 0.7 mio m³/d
DWS = W.stress :
Flanders 0.5 mio m³/d medium
Pop. Urban areas:
EU 70%
OECD W.abstraction reduction in 1/3 countries
countries W.pricing HH: - 20% w.use
Migration to metropolitan & coastal areas
Developing
countries
W.Use = 2x pop.growth / 100 y
W.stress :
Severe for 3.9 Bll
people
Worldwide
W.demand : + 55 %
Manuf.: +400 %
HH: +130 %
© VMM – R. Vannevel

12. Implementatie W.ResEff
• Top-down internationaal > lokaal
– UNESCO WWDR (2003) / EU White Paper CC (2009)
– Europe 2020 Strategy – flagships (2011)
– EU Roadmap ResEff 2011:
• Stocks – abstraction – use / Mitigation
– EU Blueprint 2012 < EEA SoWater 2012
• DO > NES kapitalen > IWB + ‘Green economy’
• Water ~ E ~ prod/cons > LCA
• Integratie = complexiteit
© VMM – R. Vannevel

13. SD
Socio-economic
resilience
Economic capital (E) Social capital (S)
(well-being)
(economic growth) 0
emax
e~neqs
Green Economy s1
e2
s2’
e1
s2
s~neqs
smax
0
n1 0
nmax neqs n2 Relative Absolute n2’
decoupling decoupling
Resource efficiency
Resource use reduction
Integrated Water
Res. Management
Ecosystem resilience
SoE deterioration SoE improvement
Natural capital (N)
(natural resources use)
© VMM – R. Vannevel

14. Integratie in de praktijk
• Overheid – NGO’s – private sector
– Overheid: sturende regelgeving en planning
(Indicatoren (Water Footprint?))
– NGO’s: sensibilisering en auditing
(EWP: EW Standard : http://www.ewp.eu/activities/water-stewardship/ )
– Private sector: win/win (W.Footprint!)
• W.Keten/systeem:
– w.keten/systeem massa- & vrachtenbalansen
– Sectorale w.audits (http://www.waterloketvlaanderen.be/publicaties)
© VMM – R. Vannevel

15. WWCT. Wastewater
W.reuse efficiency Collection & Treatment
WWP. Wastewater
Production
S. Sectors
WU. Water Use
W.use efficiency
Socio-economic needs WS. Water Supply
WT. Water Treatment
W.Supplies
Demand = Abstraction
Water Demand Water Abstraction
WATER QUANTITY
STRESS
W.Scarcity W.Exploitation
Demand < Available Abstraction < Available
Water Availability
W. Stock / storage Polluted water
WSys. WATER SYSTEM
Ecosystem needs
Precipitation + Inflow Evapotranspiration + Outflow
W.Res. Renewable Resources
© VMM – R. Vannevel

16. © VMM – R. Vannevel

17. ResEff. NV CB (BE-FL, 2011)
(volumes in mio m³/y)
IP. Industrial plant CB
(Production: 100.000 t/y citric acid)
P. Precipitation
733 mm/y
GW. levies
GW. Ground water
L. Land
Status: vulnerable
Costs. Private investment Costs. Subsidies FL gov.
40 % = # mio € 60% = # mio €
WAb. Other IPs WAb. Abstraction CB ≤ 2010 /
Costs. Total costs UWWTP. Tienen
Capac. 26.100 i.e
Q effluent: 3.2
/ 2011 ≥ WAb. Cooling WReU. Cooling
≤ 2010 /
SW treatment
Other sources
Drinking water: Wprocess. Production Wprocess. Cooling
Products:
Brownfield sanit.:
Loss Loss
SW. Surface water IWWTP. CB IWWTP. CB
> 3.5
WW treatment E!
Effluent
cooling
© VMM – R. Vannevel

18. Uitdagingen
1. W.quantity vs W.quality
2. W.safety > floods & droughts < w.stress
3. Spatial planning: floodplains & retention areas < land use
< role of agriculture
4. Dw.supply and urbanisation < public health
5. W.reuse & w.saving
6. W.sector > eco-techn. & eco-innovation < knowledge-
based economy
7. W.chain & Energy reduction
8. Transition cities < CC
9. W.market: w.pricing + w.allocation
10. …
COMPLEXITY
Multi-thematic * Multidisciplinary * Multi-stakeholder approach
© VMM – R. Vannevel