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From headstone to homestead - crowdsourcing & heritage in Ireland
1. ◦John Tierney
Headstones to Homesteads
.
EACHTRA ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECTSEACHTRA ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECTS
JOHN@EACHTRA.IEJOHN@EACHTRA.IE
August 2015August 2015
2. Outline• Historic Graves
– Background
– Some Results
– How-to
• Homesteads
– Dept of Foreign Affairs
• Emigrant Support Fund
– Peter Robinson
» Start with Passenger Lists
» Step to Church records
» Use headstones to link into community
» Trace homesteads
– Dept of Taoiseach
• Local Diaspora Engagement Fund
– Community surveys
» How to
» 1. Recce
» 2. Number
» 3. Survey photo
» 4. Record
2
27. Historic Graveyards tend to have a common geography
1.Church buildings usually have an east-west orientation
2.Headstones usually face east (representing Jerusalem)
3.Reuse of grave plots results in burial rows.
4.In many graveyards the densest concentration of
headstones is south of the church. The northern part of the
graveyard is usually sparsely occupied.
The Geography of
an Historic
Graveyard
south
north
west east
34. 1
23
4
Sequence for filling in
the record sheet
1 write in graveyard name, county, memorial
number, county initials and date
2 draw an outline of the grave memorial
3 write out the epitaph, letter for letter,
line for line
4 transfer all names in the epitaph, townland
name, dates and ages
35. Every Historic Graveyard Survey
builds a Graveyard Folder which
contains
1.Grave Memorial Register
2.Sketch Plan
3.Thumbnail Contact Sheets
(colour)
4.Numerically filed record sheets
The Graveyard
Folder
Register Sketch Plan Contact Sheets Record Sheets
36.
37.
38.
39. 39
Summary
1. Community led
2. Simple sketch plans
3. 1 geotagged photograph per
headstone
4. Paper archive
5. Publish Immediately – fix as you go
43. Department of Foreign Affairs
Emigrant Support Fund
The Peter Robinson
Ballyhoura Leader
Amanda Slattery
Dr Paul McCotter
Eachtra
44.
45. Peter Robinson Settlers
Step 1 – match passenger lists to local records in Ireland
Step 2 – use local records to connect to local communities
a.historic graveyard surveys and
b.Historic homestead identification
Step 3 – Combine with the same records in Canada
46. O CONNELL, MOVANE
RICKARD DIED 16.12.1959
NAN DIED 31.10.1953
DENIS DIED 3.12.1972
DICK DIED 11.5.1989
JOAN DIED 8.8.1991
MAI REIDY DIED 3.1.1995
ERECTED BY Mrs DAVID
BOURKE OF APPLETOWN
IN MEMORY OF HER BELOVED
FATHER RICHARD CONNELL
WHO DIED DECEMBER 20TH
1831 ALSO OF
HER MUCH BELOVED DAUGH
TER CATHERINE BOURKE
WHO DIED MAY 31st 1854
REQUESCAT
IN PACE AMEN
47.
48. 3 Simple Steps to recording historic
homesteads
1.Reconaissance
1. Build Sketch Plan
2. Build list of Names
2.Record
1. Geotagged Photographs
3.Publish
1. Shared spreadsheet
2. www.thememorytrail.com
50. ACR Heritage
Knockaneowen,
Coachford
Abbeyleix Heritage Company Heritage House, Abbeyleix
Killea Cultural Group Kilduff, Killea, Templemore
Ikerrin Heritage
Greenville, Killough,
Templemore
Feenagh/Kilmeedy Heritage Group Callahow, Dromcollogher
Clarecastle & Ballyea Heritage & Wildlife
Group Clarecastle
Tang Muintir Community Council Ltd.
Creggy, The Pigeons,
Athlone
Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological
Association Ltd Coolduve, Lissarda
West Limerick Heritage
St. Marys Rd, Newcastle
West
Doolin Heritage, Killilagh Church Project Boher Bui Cottage, Doolin
Clarinbridge Arts Group Slieveaun, Clarinbridge
Kinvara Community Council Heritage
Group Kinvara
Croagh Community Council Croagh, Rathkeale
Glin Historical Society Corcamora, Clarina
Kilrush & District Historical Society Moore St, Kilrush
Local Diaspora Engagement Fund Historic Homestead Project
Sept & Oct 2015
74. 74
Conclusions
1. 30 year plan
2. Simple, Practical & Digital
3. linking communities
a. within Ireland
b. outwith
c. what do boundaries mean today?
d. telling our own histories
If you want to be involved email john@historicgraves.com, follow us on
facebook and twitter
twitter.com/historicgraves
facebook.com/historicgraves
Notas do Editor
Hello, my name is John Tierney - a Cork city man living in County Waterford.
Working around Ireland and the UK.
Field archaeologist with 30 years experience
Secretary of our local heritage group in ardmore, waterford
formerly secretary of ardmore gaa where i got the equivalent of a phd in rural community development
Field archaeologists measure, record, publish we have applied these archaeological skills to graveyard surveys. This was an excavation of the ruined remains of a 19th century farmstead in south Galway. After we published the report on this famrstead we received an email from New Zealand...
In the next townland - two sets of family photographs have been combined and are attached to adjacent homesteads. When you look at a homestead you examine the house, the yard, the piggery but you also step out to the school, the church and the graveyard.
we attach names to places in the landscape - we are geoloctaing digital heirtage - new paradigm for publication & communication
that was who we are
this is we are what we do
Our own resource at www.historcgraves.ie
Distribution map of the community surveyed graveyards - there are over 700 graveyards online in the system, surveyd and published by over 400 community groups in 3.5 years.
Laois
Laois
Drape a blanket over the top of a headstone and in the resulting shade a flashlamp can be used to decipher even the most difficult epitaphs.
During the project we had the privilege of listening to Michael O’Reill talk about the practice of undertaking as carried out by his family. ‘You treat the dead like the living’ is what he was taught and Michael ahs been involved in arranging funerals since he was 14.
Dan Collins is a monumental sculptor from Meelin and a stonecarvers lessons are good lessons for life.
In the 70s local historian Jimmy Murphy and the parish priest surveyed the graveyard and have traced all/most of the grave plots in the graveyard. This is another high graveyard, similar to Kilcorney and Taur in its altitude. Interestingly stories of the Great Famine still survive in the community. –the blight did not affect potato crops at this height.
This stone is in Old Kilfinane graveyard - spent many the summer in the church across the road or passed the graveyard on our bikes little thinking we’d get so engrossed - it is Bolster unsigned but probably Joseph.
It has his key signatures of very strong technique and unique design.
Some are simple in shape and very simply inscribed. All such stones are worth examining as we have found faint initials inscribed as well as crosses.
A beautiful phrase used on a simple sign “sacred to the memory of our beloved dead”.
Cheaper materials in the early 20th century have meant headstones have become more affordable - these three concrete headstones from Brigown in Mitchelstown are typical - often made from a wooden form which means they are found repeated in the same and adjacent graveyards.
We have anecdotal accounts of such headstones being made for neighbours and friends - so social networks may be detectable from gravestones.
And the key point is that families who were not previously traceable in graveyards have now become visible.
After storm in St Nicholas’ 2014
Ferrybank
how to survey a graveyard
Before surveying the graveyard we must first understand the geography of the place. N-S, E-S and the 3ft pace.
Simply put, we number each grave memorial with masking tape and a marker.
We then take one geotagged photo of each memorial in numbered sequence and upload this to the website.
Instant publication is highly engaging for our volunteer groups – theys ee immediate results for their work.
The geotagged grave memorial photo is then a hook that we can hang other media (audio and video stories) onto. We have become geolocated heritage media content publishers. Local people do the surveys, tell their stories and publish them to the web.
As well as hi-tech tools like GPS cameras and audio recorders we depend on simple rolls of masking tape and markers. The tape is used to put a number on the back of each grave memorial. This usually stays on for a week or two and is removed by the community when they are done. If the labels are washed off they are simple to replace. An average graveyard of 150 headstones can be renumbered in less than an hour.
the whole enterprise relies on a simple role of masking tape which we use to number each grave memorial (average irish rural graveyard has 150 headstones)
Now I am showing this slide to demonstrate how we read the headstones.
I am showing it this time to demonstrate our key technique for reading headstones -we use a single led Lenser P7 torch - aim for 200 lumens or greater than 3 million candle power. Anything less powerful will be a disappointment - so our advice for all graveyard researchers is get the lenser P7 - if gran or grandad has a birthday coming up forget about the jumper or socks- get everybody to box together and buy a P7 lenser.
Our system is designed to survey a graveyard completely - the average rural graveyard has 100-200 headstones. Each headstone is equally important and all are treated the same.
These are the three simple steps
Sketch plans are done with what Dr Julie Rugg calls working knowledge.
Gravediggers and managers view rural graveyards in 3 ft spaces as that is the size of the standard plot. We pace out each graveyard in 3 ft / 1m spaces and draw the relative location of each grave marker. We publish each pencil drawing and occasionally vectorise ina drawing package.
Blank sketch sheet
Blank record sheet – phase 1 training confines itself to the front page
All of the records are compiled into The Graveyard Folder which is kept locally.
A big team helped to survey Old Dromtarriffe –here everybody is examining one of the headstone newsprint rubbings as it takes place.
John Brown of Ballanatona
His father Phillip Brown )with dates)
His mother Johanna Brown )nee Kenny) with dates
High status, with dowry – townland and years
Together building up a geolocated genealogical database.
Data first
Stories second
When I showed the family photos from Ardmore I mentioned that we can combine graveyard surveys with homestead surveys - we are following the lead of the community groups in this - many groups are identifying ruined homesteads and researching them as part of their local histories.
Together building up a geolocated genealogical database.
Data first
Stories second
Like the graveyard sketch plan – must fit on one A4 page
Form N – Enumerators Abstract
Together building up a geolocated genealogical database.
Data first
Stories second
Together building up a geolocated genealogical database.
Data first
Stories second
Together building up a geolocated genealogical database.
Data first
Stories second