Asexual Reproduction in animals

1. Module 3  Unit 7  Lesson 2
Integrated Science
BEGINBEGIN

2. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
 The picture on the cover shows cells in various
stages of Mitosis. You should recall that mitosis is
the cell division involved in asexual reproduction. It
is the cell division that enables growth and
development of an organism.
 Many invertebrate groups and some species of
vertebrates are able to reproduce asexually
employing various methods.
 Let’s explore some of the methods!
2

3. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Having completed this lesson, students should be able to:
 define asexual reproduction.
 outline methods of asexual reproduction in various
animals.
 describe the commercial benefits of asexual
reproduction in animals.
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4. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Click open the following link:
http://www.neok12.com/vocabulary/Cell-Division-01.htm
Play the Vocabulary Game to see how many terms
that relate to Mitotic cell division you really
understand .
4

5. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
 Reproduction, growth and development are
characteristics of living things that are important for
the continuation of each species. Organisms
reproduce either by sexual or asexual methods.
 Asexual reproduction is the ‘opposite’ of sexual
reproduction , so -- - there is no meiosis, no gamete
and no fertilization!
Asexual reproduction is the formation of offspring
without the use of gametes; it involves mitosis
and only one parent.
5

6. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Methods include:
FISSIONFISSIONFISSIONFISSION BUDDINGBUDDINGBUDDINGBUDDING REGENERATIONREGENERATIONREGENERATIONREGENERATION
FRAGMENTATIONFRAGMENTATIONFRAGMENTATIONFRAGMENTATION GEMMULESGEMMULESGEMMULESGEMMULES
PARTHENOGENESISPARTHENOGENESISCLONINGCLONING
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7. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
 Binary fission – many protists, and other unicells
reproduce asexually. The mature organism simply
divides to form two or more new organisms.
 Click and watch:
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUxPL8cySwY
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscre
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8. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Look at how Amoeba divides
by binary fission, to form
new organisms.
Click link and watch video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUxPL8cySwY
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9. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Bacteria also reproduce
asexually by Binary fission .
Bacteria typically have one
chromosome whose DNA
(Shown in green) is
replicated forming two
copies of the chromosome.
Cytokinesis then separates
the bacterium into two new
daughter cells.
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10. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Budding – the offspring grows
off the parent’s body. When it is
mature enough, it pinches off,
detaches and develops into a
new organisms, e.g., Hydra
(fresh water animal).
View the process at the following
links:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=489CSop00sY&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5oHMjGqjyo&NR=1&feature=endscreen
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11. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Gemmules – are “resistant
structures… that can withstand
adverse conditions such as drying or
cold and later develop into new
individuals.” Their formation involves
a process of internal budding, in
which the parent releases a special
mass of cells - plus food – all covered
by hard tissue. They can develop into
a new organism when habitat
conditions are good, e.g. Sponges
which are sessile produce gemmules. http://tinyurl.com/bm59vdj
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12. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Fragmentation - animals can
grow/produce new tissue and even
limbs that are lost, so the animal is
whole again e.g. members of the
starfish group.
When a Planaria, a non-parasitic
flatworm, is cut/broken into distinct
fragments/pieces, each piece can
re-grow missing parts then develop
into a whole offspring. So …from
one – you can get many!
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13. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Regeneration - Pieces of a sponge are able to
regenerate into whole new sponges. This is because
sponges do not have organs and tissues – just layers of
different cells which can independently reproduce
new cells.
13
Lizards are also able to
regenerate missing parts to re-
establish the entire animal, as
shown in the diagram on the left.

14. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Parthenogenesis – this process
involves the development of an
unfertilized egg into individual
organisms. Ants and bees can
reproduce this way.
Worker ants are sterile, wingless
females that look after the hive.
But, when necessary they can
produce eggs without mating
and these eggs develop into
drones.
Read the extract on the next
slide.
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15. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
“Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction
where growth and development of embryos occur without
fertilization. Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in:
 some invertebrate animal species (including nematodes, water
fleas, some scorpions, aphids, some bees, some Phasmida, and
parasitic wasps) and
 a few vertebrates (such as some fish,amphibians, reptiles, and
very rarely birds.
This type of reproduction has been induced artificially in a
few species including fish and amphibians.
Parthenogenetic offspring usually have the diploid
chromosome number.”
Source : Modified from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenogenesis
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16. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Click and read ‘Wingless
female giving Birth’ at
http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~pjbryant/biodiv/hemipt/OleanderAphid.h
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Nymph aphids, surrounding
the mother aphid, were
produced by parthenogenesis
and are born alive
Nymph aphids, surrounding
the mother aphid, were
produced by parthenogenesis
and are born alive
Aphid giving birth to live youngAphid giving birth to live youngAphid giving birth to live youngAphid giving birth to live young

17. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Click and watch video at
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/5/quicktime/l_015_01_56.html
The asexual, all-female whiptail
species (centre), which reproduces
via parthenogenesis, is shown
flanked by two sexual species
having males, which hybridized
naturally to form the (central)
species”
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The Komodo Dragon is able to reproduce
naturally by parthenogenesis.

18. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Cloning is the term for the
processes in which an
identical genetic replica of
another cell, tissue or
organism is created. The
product is called a clone.
The term ‘reproductive
cloning’ is used when the
technological process gives
rise to an organism e.g.
animal.
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19. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Click and look at the diagram on cloning that was used
to produce a sheep, at >
http://bruceleeeowe.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/cloning.gif
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20. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
1. Time and energy are not wasted in finding a mate.
2. Because there can be continuous reproduction,
large numbers can be quickly produced in a fairly
short time.
3. Favourable environmental conditions can be
exploited.
4. If parent is of genetic ‘good quality’, the offspring
will also be of ‘good quality’ (i.e. have good traits).
20

21. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Can you deduce some disadvantages? Give it a try! Type your
answer in the box below.
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1. Because of lack of genetic variation
offspring may find it difficult to survive
in a changing environment.
2. If a parent is of ‘poor quality’, the
offspring will also be of ‘poor quality’.
3. Offspring colonize the same area as
the parent, so competition and over-
crowding  death can easily result.
CHECKCHECK

22. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Use word(s) from the list to complete the table below.
22
Method of asexual
reproduction
Characteristic Example of animal that
use this method
Planaria
gemmules
Parent releases special mass of cells which
grow and develop into new offspring
aphids, ants
Offspring grows from parent’s body then
detaches
LIST: Fragmentation, Hydra, unfertilized egg develops into new organism,
sponges, budding, parent breaks into distinct pieces, parthenogenesis.
CLICK HERE TO CHECK YOUR ANSWERCLICK HERE TO CHECK YOUR ANSWER

23. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Method of asexual
reproduction
Characteristic Example of animal that
uses this process
fragmentation Parent breaks into
distinct pieces
Planaria
gemmules Parent releases a special
mass of cells which grow
and develop into new
offspring
sponges
parthenogenesis Unfertilized eggs
develop into new
organisms
Aphid, bees, ants
budding Offspring grows from
parent’s body before
detaching
Hydra
23

24. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
 Are you ready to test yourself?
 There are three multiple choice (M.C.) items that
you are required to do.
 For each item, click on the letter of the correct
response and then click the button ‘NEXT
QUESTION’ to continue.
 Click the BEGIN QUIZ button to proceed
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BEGIN QUIZ!BEGIN QUIZ!

25. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
What is the name given to the process by which
bacteria reproduce asexually?
25
A. cytokinesisA. cytokinesis
D. fragmentationD. fragmentation
C. replicationC. replication
B. binary fissionB. binary fission
FEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACK

26. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Question: What is the name given to the process by which
bacteria reproduce asexually?
Feedback: Binary fission, the simplest form of asexual
reproduction and is carried out by bacteria.
26
NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION

27. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Which of the following is not a method of asexual
reproduction in animals?
27
A. ParthenogenesisA. Parthenogenesis
D. Binary fissionD. Binary fission
B. RegenerationB. Regeneration
C. BiotechnologyC. Biotechnology
FEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACK

28. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Question: Which of the following is not a method of asexual
reproduction?
Feedback
Biotechnology is the practice of using plants, animals and
micro-organisms such as bacteria, as well as biological
processes - such as the ripening of fruit or the bacteria that
break down compost - to some benefit.”
“ A general description of biotechnology is using living
things to create products or to do tasks for human beings.”
Source of text >
http://education.technyou.edu.au/view/87/what-biotechnology
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NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION

29. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
The new cells resulting from asexual reproduction are
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C. Like the parent cell but are haploid.C. Like the parent cell but are haploid.
D. Different from the each other.D. Different from the each other.
B. Different from each other and the mother cell.B. Different from each other and the mother cell.
A. Genetically identical to each other and the parent cell.A. Genetically identical to each other and the parent cell.
FEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACK

30. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Question: The new cells resulting from asexual
reproduction are
Feedback
The correct answer is A. Genetically identical to each other
and the parent cell. So if the parent cell had a diploid
chromosome number of 12, each new cell also has the
diploid chromosome number of twelve – NOT the haploid
number as would happen when cells are produced by
meiosis.
So the new asexually produced offspring do not show any
genetic variation from the parent cell and is in fact a clone.
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NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION

31. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Click open this website and try the six M.C. Items there >>
http://regentsprep.org/regents/core/questions/question.cfm?
Course=BIOL&TopicCode=4a&QNum=1&Wrong=0
Make sure you read the explanations for the correct answers by
going to this website!
http://regentsprep.org/regents/core/questions/questions.cfm?
Course=biol&TopicCode=4a
31

32. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Click and read the questions and answers at these sites:
 http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_five_animals_that_rep
roduce_asexually

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_does_asexual_reproductio
n_allow_animals_to_do
32

33. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
 You have reached the end of the Review and Quiz.
 If you wish to review any section of this lesson, go to
the first slide and click on the subtopic.
 If you have completed the lesson, click the Close (X)
button.
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34. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Asexual reproduction
in animals
Asexual reproduction
in animals
Recalling some
terms
Recalling some
terms
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
Advantages & Disadvantages
of asexual reproduction
REVIEW
& QUIZ
REVIEW
& QUIZINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wilson1900Fig2.jpg This image
(or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright
has expired. This applies to Australia, the European Union and
those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 70
years.
 http://www.malebolge.net16.net/science10/amoeba_fission.gif
 http://tinyurl.com/bm59vdj
 http://tinyurl.com/crfku6w
 http://biology.about.com/od/genetics/ss/Asexual-
Reproduction.htm (asexual reproduction in animals)
 http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Porifera.aspx
 http://tinyurl.com/crfku6w
 http://www.biosulf.org/1/images/newt-regeneration.jpg
 http://regentsprep.org/regents/core/questions/questions.cfm?
Course=biol&TopicCode=4a
 http://www.mypathway.ca/creditrecovery/SNC1P/U2_L2.pdf
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