1. Chapter 23 Notes- Southwest
Asia
Today’s Issues

2. Section 1: Population Relocation
• Guest Workers- usually unskilled
laborers that immigrate into a country to
work.
– Needed for oil related jobs
– Problems?

3. Section 1: Population Relocation
• Stateless Nation- a nation of people w/out
a land to legally occupy.
– Kurds are the largest group of people w/out
their own country.
– Gypsy’s & Palestinians?
– Occupied Land?

5. Section 1: Population Relocation
• Palestinians- displaced peoples from
the land of Palestine (now called Israel)
– Stateless nation
– Main source of conflict in region!
West Bank
Gaza Strip

6. Section 2: Oil Wealth Fuels
Change
• Oil found in Saudi Arabia in 1936
• Strategic Commodity- resource so important that
nations will go to war to ensure its steady supply.
• Oil is more important today
than ever before
• Oil business makes up most of
GDP in nations on Arabian Peninsula
– 64% of oil is in Middle East

7. OPEC
• OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries-
– Members set worldwide oil prices & production
quotas
– Members include Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,
Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the
United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.

8. Which countries have the largest
reserves of crude oil?
Country
Crude oil reserves
(million barrels)
Saudi Arabia 262,697
Iraq 112,500
Iran 99,080
United Arab Emirates 97,800
Kuwait 96,500

9. Where Does U.S. get it’s Oil?
• Top 10 Countries U.S.
where U.S. gets it’s oil:
1. Canada
2. Mexico
3. Saudi Arabia
4. Venezuela
5. Nigeria
6. Angola
7. Iraq
8. Algeria
9. United Kingdom
10. Brazil

10. Modern Arabic Life
• Dramatic changes in
20th
c.
• Western technology
is changing
traditional life.
• Ex: camels to cars
or bazaars to malls.

11. Change to Urban Life
• Dubai, U.A.E.
• Riyadh, S.A.
• 1960: 25% Urbanized
• 1990s: 58%
• 2015: 70%
• 83% of people in
Saudi Arabia live in
cities
• 4 million in Riyadh
• Jobs & education
changed
• More foreign workers

12. Section 2: Oil Wealth Fuels
Change
• What to do with oil profits?
– 1. Modernize Infrastructure-
• New roads & airports
• Irrigation Networks
• Desalinization Plants

13. Section 2: Oil Wealth Fuels
Change
• 2.- Develop its agricultural,
mineral, & water resources
– Tap underground water supplies
– Reduce dependence on foreign
food imports

14. Section 2: Oil Wealth Fuels
Change
• 3.- Gain access to higher
education
– Develop human
resources- the skills &
talents of their people
– Women’s Opportunities in
education?

15. September 11th
Attacks
• The September 11
attacks were a series of
four coordinated terrorist
attacks launched by
the Islamic
terrorist group al-
Qaeda upon the United
States in New York
City and the Washington,
D.C. area on September
11, 2001.
•

16. September 11th
Attacks
• Four passenger airliners were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda
terrorists so they could be flown into buildings in suicide
attacks.
• Two of those were crashed into the World Trade Center
complex in New York City. Within two hours, both towers
collapsed.
• A third plane was crashed into the Pentagon leading to a
partial collapse in its western side.
• The fourth plane was targeted at the United States Capitol in
Washington, D.C., but crashed into a field in Pennsylvania,
after its passengers tried to overcome the hijackers.

18. War on Terror
• In response to
the attacks of 11
September, an
international military
campaign to
eliminate al-Qaeda
and other militant
organizations.

19. Operation Enduring Freedom
• Operation Enduring
Freedom sent U.S. military
personnel to Afghanistan
starting in October, 2001.
• The operation has been
successful by removing
leaders of the Taliban and
seriously crippling al-Qaeda,
but the struggle continues on
today.

20. Operation Iraqi Freedom
• Accused of supporting al-
Qaeda and harboring
weapons of mass
destruction, the United
States invaded Iraq in 2003
the remove Saddam
Hussein from power.
• This military action was
better known as
Operation Iraqi Freedom.

21. Saddam Hussein
• The Iraqi government and
military collapsed within three
weeks of the beginning of the
U.S.-led 2003 invasion of Iraq.
• Saddam went into hiding in
March of 2003 but was
captured later that year in
December.
• Saddam was held for trial and
found guilty of war crimes.
• He was executed in 2006.

22. May 2nd
, 2011
• Perhaps the greatest victory of
the War on Terror came when
the CIA located Osama Bin
Laden, the leader of al-Qaeda
and mastermind behind the
September 11th
attacks.
• U.S. Navy SEALS forces were
sent into his hideout, a battle
ensued and Bin Laden was
killed.