This document discusses the importance of holistic assessment and monitoring of quality education through learning indicators. It outlines three generations of educational indicators that have evolved from input-oriented to focusing on outputs like educational attainment. International assessments of learning outcomes like PISA, TIMSS, and PIAAC provide robust measures of competencies. Comparative assessments have also made educational inequity more visible and driven equity policies. The document calls for assessing non-cognitive skills and adult skills through smaller, quicker, cheaper methods, and recognizing non-formal and informal learning.