This assignment addresses course outcomes 1-4: recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions 1. Select one of the topics listed below (a-e). 2. Find at least three reliable information sources related to your chosen topic. You are encouraged to use the UMUC library in your search: http://libguides.umuc.edu/science. 3. Write a paper with title page, introduction, several paragraphs addressing the questions, conclusion and references. You must write in your own words and paraphrase information from the selected information sources, addressing each of the questions for your chosen topic. Your paper should consist of less than 10% direct quotes. Your paper should be 750-1500 words, excluding references and title page. Use APA style for references: https://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_tutorial.cfm 4. Submit your assignment to the Assignment folder by the due date listed in the course schedule. Topics (select one) a) Stem cells. Your friend has suffered a spinal cord injury after a bad car accident. The medical team has decided that he is a good candidate for a clinical trial using stem cell therapy. Your friend has not had a biology course since high school, so you decide to write him a letter sharing your knowledge of stem cells. Include in your letter a description of the biology of stem cells and how these cells are unique from other cells. Contrast the different types of stem cells, including pros and cons for each type. Explain how stems cells can be used to treat diseases and injury, with special focus on spinal cord injuries. Include information from at least one research study or clinical trial. Conclude with your own opinion.  b) Genetically modified organisms (GMOs). A friend tells you that she avoids foods containing GMOs because they are unhealthy. You decide to use the knowledge gained from your biology class and some additional research to form your own opinion on GMOs. Answer the following questions backed up by reliable information sources. What is the purpose of genetically engineering of crop plants? Include at least two specific examples of commonly grown GMO crops. How are GMOs created? Use the provided course materials and make a connection to the central dogma of molecular biology in your explanation. Which foods in your supermarket contain GMOs? Are foods that contain GMOs safe for human consumption? What types of regulations exist for these foods? Clearly explain your reasoning for each answer in your paper and conclude whether or not you agree with your friend.  ...

1. This assignment addresses course outcomes 1-4:
recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve
problems
make observations and discriminate between scientific and
pseudoscientific explanations
weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and
limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method
use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method,
and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop
hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results,
and draw conclusions
1. Select one of the topics listed below (a-e).
2. Find at least three reliable information sources related to
your chosen topic. You are encouraged to use the UMUC library
in your search: http://libguides.umuc.edu/science.
3. Write a paper with title page, introduction, several
paragraphs addressing the questions, conclusion and references.
You must write in your own words and paraphrase information
from the selected information sources, addressing each of the
questions for your chosen topic. Your paper should consist of
less than 10% direct quotes. Your paper should be 750-1500
words, excluding references and title page. Use APA style for
references:
https://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_tutorial.cfm

2. 4. Submit your assignment to the Assignment folder by the due
date listed in the course schedule.
Topics (select one)
a) Stem cells. Your friend has suffered a spinal cord injury after
a bad car accident. The medical team has decided that he is a
good candidate for a clinical trial using stem cell therapy. Your
friend has not had a biology course since high school, so you
decide to write him a letter sharing your knowledge of stem
cells. Include in your letter a description of the biology of stem
cells and how these cells are unique from other cells. Contrast
the different types of stem cells, including pros and cons for
each type. Explain how stems cells can be used to treat diseases
and injury, with special focus on spinal cord injuries. Include
information from at least one research study or clinical trial.
Conclude with your own opinion.
b) Genetically modified organisms (GMOs). A friend tells you
that she avoids foods containing GMOs because they are
unhealthy. You decide to use the knowledge gained from your
biology class and some additional research to form your own
opinion on GMOs. Answer the following questions backed up
by reliable information sources. What is the purpose of
genetically engineering of crop plants? Include at least two
specific examples of commonly grown GMO crops. How are
GMOs created? Use the provided course materials and make a
connection to the central dogma of molecular biology in your
explanation. Which foods in your supermarket contain GMOs?
Are foods that contain GMOs safe for human consumption?
What types of regulations exist for these foods? Clearly explain
your reasoning for each answer in your paper and conclude

3. whether or not you agree with your friend.
c) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
(CRISPR) has been the most recent breakthrough discovery in
bioengineering that enables scientists to edit DNA. Because you
have studied biology in this course, you have volunteered at
your niece’s Middle School Science Club to monitor a student
debate about CRISPR. The students will be watching the
following video before the
discussion:https://www.com/watch?time_continue=252&v=2pp1
7E4E-O8and you need to be prepared in case there are any
questions. Please research and write an answer to each of the
following questions: What is “CRISPR”? What role does Cas9
play in the CRISPR process? How does the CRISPR-Cas9
system snip and replace any DNA sequence? What are the
potential benefits and drawbacks of gene editing? Include
specific examples. Do you believe that the inherent risks of
modifying animal DNA is worth the rewards? Explain. Do you
believe that it is ethical to genetically engineer humans and/or
animals? Explain.
d) Vaccines. Your friend is worried about the many vaccines
that his newborn son is scheduled to receive and asks you for
advice since you are taking a biology course. Start with an
explanation of how vaccines work. Briefly contrast the
traditional methods used to create vaccines with more recently
used biotechnology techniques. Then list some of the diseases
that babies and children in the US are routinely vaccinated
against. How has vaccinations impacted the frequency of these
diseases over the past 100 years? Why are some people worried
about giving their children vaccines? Is there scientific
evidence to support these concerns? Conclude with advice to
your friend in regard to getting the recommended vaccines
based on what you learned from reliable information sources.

4. e) Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) and tar sands (oil sands).
With society's dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuels, the oil
& gas industry is turning to hydraulic fracturing and tar (oil)
sands to extract natural gas and oil. A friend asks you "What's
all this controversy in the news about fracking and tar sands?"
Briefly explain to your friend how hydraulic fracturing and tar
(oil) sands are used to obtain these fossil fuels. Then, in more
detail, describe the environmental problems that may result
from these processes and why they are controversial. Issues that
should be addressed involves water, air and soil pollution with
special focus on global climate change, effects on human health,
and effects on other species and natural ecosystems. Finally,
give your opinions on possible solutions to these environmental
problems, with your reasoning backed by information from
reliable information sources.