Basic Latex

1. Training Basic Latex
Edited by: Nguyen Duc Minh Khoi
Email: nguyenducminhkhoi@gmail.com
Website: http://nguyenducminhkhoi.blogspot.com
@HCMC University of Technology, Spring 2013
Main reference: THE NOT SO SHORT INTRODUCTION TO LATEX2Ε
by Tobias Oetiker Hubert Partl, Irene Hyna and Elisabeth Schlegl

2. Contents:
Things you need to know
Typesetting Text
Specialities
Typeset Mathematical formulae
Producing Mathematical graphics
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3. Things you need to know
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4. Things you need to know
Tex, Latex
 TEX
 is a computer program created by Donald E. Knuth
 is aimed at typesetting text and mathematical formulae
 LATEX
 enables authors to typeset and print their work at the highest typo-graphical quality,
using a predefined, professional layout
 was originally written by Leslie Lamport
 uses the TEX formatter as its typesetting engine
 These days LATEX is maintained by Frank Mittelbach
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5. Things you need to know
Author, Book Designer, Typesetter
 To publish something:
 authors give their typed manuscript to a publishing company.
 One of their book designers then decides the layout of the document and writes his
instructions into the manuscript and then gives it to a typesetter
 typesetter who typesets the book according to these instructions.
 In a LATEX environment,
 LATEX takes the role of the book designer and uses TEX as its typesetter.
 But LATEX is “only” a program and therefore needs more guidance. The author has to
provide additional information to describe the logical structure of his work.
 This information is written into the text as “LATEX commands.”
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6. Things you need to know
Latex’s advantages
 LATEX prevents formatting errors by forcing the author to declare the logical
structure of his document. LATEX then chooses the most suitable layout.
 Professionally crafted layouts are available, which make a document really look as
if “printed.”
 The typesetting of mathematical formulae is supported in a convenient way.
 Users only need to learn a few easy-to-understand commands that specify the
logical structure of a document.
 Even complex structures such as footnotes, references, table of contents, and
bibliographies can be generated easily.
 TEX, the formatting engine of LATEX2ε, is highly portable and free. Therefore the
system runs on almost any hardware platform available.
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7. Things you need to know
Latex’s installation
 On Linux OS systems: use Texlive as compiler and gedit as text editor
 On Mac OS: use MacTex as compiler and text wrangler as text editor
 On Windows: use MikTex as compiler and notepad++ as text editor
 Or you can use texclipse as text editor (full support for latex) on multiple platform
 On website:
 verbosus
 MonkeyTeX
 LaTeX Lab
 ShareLaTeX
 WriteLaTeX
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8. Things you need to know
Latex’s installation (cont.) - Texclipse
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9. Things you need to know
Files encounter
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10. Typesetting Text
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11. Typesetting Text
Input files
 Spaces:
 Several consecutive whitespace characters are treated as one “space”.
 Whitespace at the start of a line is generally ignored, and a single line break is treated as
“whitespace.”
 An empty line between two lines of text defines the end of a paragraph. Several empty
lines are treated the same as one empty line.
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12. Typesetting Text
Input files (cont.)
 Special Characters:
 Latex Commands:
 are case sensitive
 start with a backslash and then have a name consisting of letters only. Command
names are terminated by a space, a number or any other ‘non-letter.
 If you want to get a space after a command, you have to put either an empty parameter
{} and a blank or a special spacing command after the command name.
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13. Typesetting Text
Input files (cont.)
 Comments:
 a % character while processing an input file, it ignores the rest of the present line, the
line break, and all whitespace at the beginning of the next line.
 write notes into the input file, which will not show up in the printed version.
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14. Typesetting Text
Input file Structure
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15. Typesetting Text
The Layout of the documents
 M
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17. Typesetting Text
The Layout of the documents (cont.)
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18. Typesetting Text
The Layout of the documents (cont.)
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19. Typesetting Text
Line Breaking and Page Breaking
 To break a line, use:
 starts a new line without starting a new paragraph:
 additionally prohibits a page break after the forced line break:
 Start a new page:
 Several words can be kept together on one line with the command:
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20. Typesetting Text
Special character and strings
 Quotation marks:
 Dash and hyphens:
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21. Typesetting Text
Special character and strings (cont.)
 Degree symbols (℃):
 Euro currency symbols (€):
 Ellipsis (…)
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22. Typesetting Text
Titles, Chapters and Sections
 For article class:
 If you want to split your document in parts without influencing the section or
chapter numbering use:
 When you work with the report or book class, an additional top-level sectioning
command becomes available:
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23. Typesetting Text
Foot notes and emphasized words
 Footnotes:
 Emphasized words:
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24. Typesetting Text
Environments
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25. Typesetting Text
Environments – Flushleft, flushright, center
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26. Typesetting Text
Quote, Quotation, Abstract
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27. Typesetting Text
Verbatim, tabular
 begin{verbatim} and end{verbatim} will be directly printed, as if typed on a
typewriter:
 Tabular:
L: left aligned column
R: right aligned column
C: center aligned column
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28. Specialties
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29. Specialties
Figures and Tables
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30. Specialties
Figures and Tables (cont.)
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31. Specialties
Bibliography
 Produce a bibliography with the thebibliography environment. Each entry starts
with:
 The marker is then used to cite the book, article or paper within the document.
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32. Specialties
Table of contents (TOC)
 Create table of contents:
 In preamble section, add:
To describe title, author and the date written
 Make title commands:
 Cross references:
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33. Specialties
Indexing
 In the preamble:
 Content of the index is specified with:
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34. Specialties
Hypertext links
 For complete hypertext links
 Or embed explicit links:
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35. Specialties
Big Projects
 Use includeonly comment in preamble first
 Then use:
 Use:
 This makes LATEX skim through your document only checking for proper syntax
and usage of the commands, but doesn’t produce any (DVI) output.
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36. Specialties
Install Extra Packages
 Most LATEX installations come with a large set of pre-installed style packages
 But many more are available on the net. (e.g.: http://www.ctan.org/ )
 Or download template from www.latextemplates.com
 Or using package manager of each compiler to install extra packages
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37. Typesetting Mathematical
Formulae
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38. Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
AMS-LATEX – Single Equation
 AMS-LATEX is produced by The American Mathematical Society and it is used
extensively for mathematical typesetting.
Without numbering
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39. Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Single Equations (cont.)
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40. Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Single Equations (cont.)
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41. Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Single Equations (cont.)
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42. Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Single Equations (cont.)
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43. Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Single Equations (cont.)
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44. Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Multiple Equations (cont.)
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45. Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Array and Matrices
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46. Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Array and Matrices (cont.)
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47. Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Theorems, lemmas…
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48. Typesetting Mathematical Formulae
Theorems, lemmas… (cont.)
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49. Producing Mathematical
graphics
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50. Producing Mathematical graphics
Picture environment – basic operations
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51. Producing Mathematical graphics
Line segments
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52. Producing Mathematical graphics
Arrows
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53. Producing Mathematical graphics
Circles
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54. Producing Mathematical graphics
Text and formulas
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55. Producing Mathematical graphics
Multiput, linethickness
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56. Producing Mathematical graphics
Ovals
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57. Producing Mathematical graphics
Predefined picture box
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58. Producing Mathematical graphics
Quadratic Bézier Curves
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59. Producing Mathematical graphics
The PGF and TikZ Graphics Packages (from latextemplates.com)
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60. Thank for your listening!