Proses dan Metode Perencanaan Program Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Dokumen tersebut membahas analisis situasi kesehatan masyarakat yang mencakup faktor lingkungan, perilaku, pelayanan kesehatan, dan demografi. Terdapat penjelasan mengenai sumber informasi, pendekatan, dan cara penyajian hasil analisis situasi kesehatan yang meliputi profil kesehatan, status kesehatan, atau penyakit tertentu dengan menggunakan pendekatan determinan kesehatan menurut H.L. Blum atau M. Roemer. D
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Proses dan Metode Perencanaan Program Kesehatan Masyarakat
- 1. Proses dan Metode Perencanaan Program Kesehatan Masyarakat Departemen Administrasi dan Kebijakan Kesehatan FKMUI
- 6. SIKLUS PEMECAHAN MASALAH Problem Solving Cycle (PSC)
- 7. Tahap-tahap dalam PSC Problem Solving Cycle Analisis Situasi Identifikasi Masalah Prioritas Masalah Tujuan Alternatif Pemecahan Masalah Rencana Operasional Pelaksanaan & Penggerakkan Pemantauan Pengawasan & Pengendalian Evaluasi
- 9. ANALISIS SITUASI KESEHATAN
- 13. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH (HL. Blum, 1981) Health Status Heredity Environment Medical Service Life Style
- 14. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH M. Roemer, 1993 HEALTH STATUS: Physical, Mental, and Social Well being CHARACTERISTIC OF INDIVIDU : Age, Sex, immunity, Genetic, Background, Habit, etc. SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT : Education, Occupation, Income, Relationships, Urbanization, etc. PHYSISCAL ENVIRONMENT : Geography, Climate, Housing, Food, Water, etc. HEALTH SERVICES : Promotion, Prevention, Protection, Treatment, Rehabilitation, etc.
- 15. Pendekatan Sistem PROSES Pelaksanaan Yankes dan Penunjang INPUT: Sumber daya dan Masyarakat OUTPUT Cakupan Program OUTCOME Derajat Kesehatan LINGKUNGAN
- 16. Supply – Demand Dynamic Supply Side Demand Side Program dan Pelayanan Kesehatan serta Penunjang (non kesehatan) Masyarakat dan Lingkungan
- 17. Ringkasan: Analisis Situasi Kebijakan kes. nasional Rencana Pemb. Daerah Renstra Kes. Daerah Surveilans Susenas Data daerah Laporan RSUD Lap Puskesmas Pemahaman thd Situasi & Trend Kesehatan Suatu Daerah Lap Swasta Penelitian Sektor lain Kependudukan Identifikasi Masalah Kesehatan
- 21. Misal Membuat analisis situasi berdasarkan pendekatan HL Blum seperti yang menjadi model dalam Profil Kesehatan selama ini. Apa saja yang harus dicakup, dianalisis dan dilaporkan?
- 28. Alat Bantu Penyajian Analisis Analisis Profil Kesehatan dg cara menyajikan ke-5 domain dalam pendekatan HL Blum 1 lembar kertas LS MC HS D E Atau 5 lembar kertas
- 32. MISAL: Analisis Profil Kesehatan Demographic: 1. Population 2. Growth rate 3. Density 4. Age groups 5. Urban : Rural 6. Migration 7. Etc. Health Status: 1. Mortalitas IMR, MMR, U5MR, LE 2. Morbiditas Infectious, water based, food based degenerative etc. Health Service: 1. Health worker 2. Ratio HW : Population 3. Health facility - Hospital - Puskesmas 4. Program Achievement 5. Funding, etc Environment: 1. Geographic 2. Physical 3. Biology 4. Social 5. Economy 6. Water Supply 7. Public Facility 8. Etc. Life Style 1.Health concept 2.Health belief 3.Health seeking Behavior 4.Food consump tion pattern 5. Habbit 6. Etc
- 33. MISAL: Analisis Status Kesehatan Demographic: 1. Population 2. Growth rate 3. Density 4. Age groups 5. Urban : Rural 6. Migration 7. Etc. Health Status: High IMR Health Service: 1. Health worker 2. Ratio HW : Population 3. Health facility - Hospital - Puskesmas 4. Program Achievement 5. Funding, etc Environment: 1. Geographic 2. Physical 3. Biology 4. Social 5. Economy 6. Water Supply 7. Public Facility 8. Etc. Life Style 1.Health concept 2.Health belief 3.Health seeking Behavior 4.Food consump tion pattern 5. Habbit 6. Etc
- 34. MISAL: Analisis Penyakit Tertentu Demographic: 1. Population 2. Growth rate 3. Density 4. Age groups 5. Urban : Rural 6. Migration 7. Etc. Health Status: High Death due to Drug OD Health Service: 1. Health worker 2. Ratio HW : Population 3. Health facility - Hospital - Puskesmas 4. Program Achievement 5. Funding, etc Environment: 1. Geographic 2. Physical 3. Biology 4. Social 5. Economy 6. Water Supply 7. Public Facility 8. Etc. Life Style 1.Health concept 2.Health belief 3.Health seeking Behavior 4.Food consump tion pattern 5. Habbit 6. Etc
- 36. PEMETAAN MASALAH KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
- 38. SIKLUS KEHIDUPAN Tahapan Utama Siklus Kehidupan Source: Child and Adolescent Health and Development Department (CAH), WHO 7days 28 days 1 year Birth 5 years 10 years 20 years Early neonatal period Perinatal period Neonatal period Pregnancy Adulthood Infancy Adolescence Childhood Reproductive period Aging Death "Pre-school years "School-age"
- 41. Identifikasi Masalah 1 Perumusan masalah kesehatan secara spesifik: 1. Pernyataan adanya kesenjangan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif 2. Batasan tempat, orang, dan waktu 3. Pemahaman dinamika masalah
- 43. Langkah Pertama Memahami peta dan karakteristik wilayah Output : Peta wilayah yang diberi tanda berdasarkan batas wilayah, pembagian administrasi pemerintahan,topografi dan karakteristik wilayah, dll.
- 44. Langkah Kedua Memahami distribusi pelayanan umum: sarana yankes, jalan dan transportasi Output: Peta wilayah berdasarkan sarana jalan-transportasi umum dan pelayanan kesehatan
- 45. Langkah Ketiga Memahami distribusi masalah kesehatan menurut penduduk dan kelompok umur Output : Peta distribusi masalah kesehatan menurut penduduk dan kelompok umur
- 46. Langkah Keempat Memahami kinerja dan permasalahan Program Kesehatan Output: Peta kinerja program kesehatan menurut wilayah dan kemungkinan penyebab terjadinya ketimpangan antar wilayah desa dan antar kecamatan
Notas do Editor
- The HNP Lifecycle – what is it and how can it be used in program design? This slide describes what the lifecycle is – the main stages. The lifecycle is often divided into infancy (the first year of life) with a neonatal period up to 28 days, followed by the rest of the childhood years, the school age period of life, early adolescence, adulthood and aging. The reproductive period covers adolescence and adulthood. Each of these periods carry its own risks. At each stage, poor are at increased risk of diseases, disability and death compared to rich. Why a life “cycle” and not just a lifespan? The lifecycle comes full circle when the reproductive period of a women results in pregnancy and child birth. The concept of a lifecycle emphasizes the intergenerational effects – that the health and nutrition outcomes at one stage of life determines to some extent the outcomes of a later stage of life – and into the next generation. Several examples will be given in upcoming slides. For example, the education, health and nutritional status of a woman – before and during pregnancy -- are key determinants for the health and nutritional outcomes of her infant – including the survival of the newborn. The lifecycle is not a new concept; only the increased applications of it in the context of improving HNP outcomes of the poor.