Art Appreciation Topic VII: Romanticism
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Romanticism was an artistic movement that began in the late 18th century and affected many art forms. Unlike Neoclassicists who valued order and reason, Romantics believed in imagination, emotion, and individualism. They often portrayed nature as wild rather than orderly and showed individuals as small within vast landscapes. Romantic artists also explored themes of horror, madness, and the supernatural.
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Art Appreciation Topic VII: Romanticism
- 2. Romanticism was a multi-layered movement that took many forms and affected most branches of the arts. It began in the late 18 th century and flowered most fully in the early 19 th. Unlike the Neoclassicists who promoted order and reason, the Romantics believed in the power of the imagination, emotion and individualism. These qualities could be evoked in very different ways. Much of their work was focused on the past but was typically set in the Middle Ages rather than classical antiquity. While classical artists reshaped nature to suit their ordered compositions, the Romantics portrayed it as wild and ungovernable. In their landscapes, some Romantic painters liked to show the individual as being dwarfed by the forces of nature, which were portrayed as an expression of human emotions and often given a mystical or visionary role. At the same time, a sense of individualism can also be linked to the spirit of rebellion that epitomizes the Romantic era. Its anti-rationalist overtones led artists to explore themes that were linked with horror, madness, violence and the supernatural. There was also a taste for the exotic.
- 3. Cupid and Psyche by Gerard
- 7. Portrait of Madame Récamier by Gerard
- 10. Portrait of the Empress Josephine by Prud’hon
- 13. The Raft of the Medusa by Gericault
- 19. A Madwoman and Compulsive Gambler by Gericault
- 21. The Madwoman Afflicted with Envy by Gericault
- 24. Aspasia by Delacroix
- 27. The Massacre of Chios by Delacroix
- 31. Liberty Leading the People by Delacroix
- 35. The Algerian Women by Delacroix
- 39. The Departure of the Volunteers of 1792 by Rude
- 48. Esther by Chassériau
- 51. Witches in the Air by Goya
- 53. The Witches’ Sabbath by Goya
- 55. Time and the Old Women by Goya
- 58. Saturn Devouring His Son by Goya
- 60. The Hülsenbeck Children by Runge
- 63. The Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog by Friedrich
- 66. The Sea of Ice by Friedrich
- 69. Man and Woman Contemplating the Moon by Friedrich
- 73. The Romantic movement in Germany was led by a group of artists known as the Nazarenes (c.1809-30), who sought to revive honesty and spirituality in Christian art. This was most obvious from their attempts to mimic the lifestyle of the painter-monks from the early Renaissance. The term “Nazarene” stemmed from their communal, semi-monastic lifestyle and their affectation of wearing biblical clothing and hair styles. Contemporary critics believed that the Nazarenes were responsible for the rebirth of German art, although they conceded that much of their work was focused on the past. The Nazarenes were also closely linked with the upsurge of nationalist sentiments in Germany, which led some of their members to portray patriotic themes from German history and legend. The Nazarenes also attempted to revive the art of medieval fresco painting.
- 74. The Wise and Foolish Virgins by von Cornelius
- 76. Italia and Germania by Overbeck
- 79. Christ’s First Appearance to the People by Ivanov
- 83. Pegwell Bay by Dyce
- 87. The Nightmare by Fuseli
- 89. The Three Witches by Fuseli
- 92. The Ancient of Days by Blake
- 94. The Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed in the Sun by Blake
- 96. Early Morning by Palmer
- 99. Shoreham Garden by Palmer
- 107. The Great Day of His Wrath by Martin
- 110. The White Horse by Constable
- 114. The Hay Wain by Constable
- 122. The Slave Ship by Turner
- 127. Rain, Steam and Speed by Turner
- 131. Moonlit Landscape by Allston
- 133. Elijah in the Desert by Allston
- 136. Daniel Boone Sitting at the Door of His Cabin by Cole
- 139. The Course of Empire: Destruction by Cole
- 141. Fanciful Landscape by Doughty
- 143. Desert Rock Lighthouse by Doughty
- 145. Denning’s Point, Hudson River by Doughty
- 151. Niagara Falls from the American Side by Church
- 154. The Oregon Trail by Bierstadt
- 159. Rocky Mountain Landscape by Bierstadt