Complications of pregnancy are health problems that occur during pregnancy. They can involve the mother's health, the baby's health, or both. Here are some complications which a woman may face during pregnancy.
2.
Bacterial infection
Increased tendency for UTI in pregnancy
Untreated , may lead to kidney infections , sepsis
and premature delivery
Treated with appropriate antibiotics
Urinary Tract Infection in
pregnancy
3.
Bacterial infections
Can be treated
Cause Miscarriage / preterm labour / stillbirth /
neonatal infections if left untreated
Viral Infections
Long term serious infections in mother and child
Anti viral therapy , other measures to reduce mother
to child transmission
STI’s In Pregnancy
4.
85% of population has Rh antigen on their blood
cells(called Rh+ blood group)
So 15% of pregnant women may be having Rh
negative blood group
If married to a Rh positive man , the baby can be Rh
positive(inherits this from the father)
The Rh factor does not affect a person’s general
health.
RH negative Blood group
in the mother
5.
Baby’s red cells may leak into mothers blood circulation
occasionally
Problem arises when mother produces antibodies against
Rh postive baby cells
These antibodies can target baby’s red blood cells
producing anemia , heart failure and even stillbirth
An injection of RhIg to the mother in pregnancy and after
delivery can prevent antibody formation in the mother
against baby’s Rh antigen thus protecting her babies
If the mother already has the antibody , then the
Injection(RhIg) does not work
Rh Negative Pregnant
Woman
6.
Rh-negative women should also receive treatment
after any miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, or induced
abortion to prevent any chance of the woman
developing antibodies that would attack a future Rh-
positive baby.
Rh Negative Pregnant
Woman
7.
To Summarize
All pregnant women must get their
1. Blood Group and Rhesus Factor checked in
pregnancy
2. Periodic blood tests must be performed to detect the
development of antibodies against Rh factor
3. All Rh Neg Prgnant women should get RhIg
injection at 28 weeks and after delivery
Rh Negative Pregnant
Woman
8.
Poor growth in the unborn baby
Usually suspected by clinical Examination and
Confirmed by ultrasound assessment of Baby’s(fetal)
growth
Risk Factors for IUGR include
1. Birth defects or chromosomal abnormalities
2. Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)
3. Multiple pregnancy
Intra Uterine Growth
Restriction (IUGR) In the
fetus
9.
4. Placental abnormalities
5. Umbilical cord abnormalities
6. Use of drugs, cigarettes, and/or alcohol
7. Poor nutrition during pregnancy
8. Severe Diabetes in mother
9. Medical problems – kidney diseases , autoimmune
disorders , Thyroid disorders , severe cardiac ailments
or asthma in the mother
Causes of IUGR
10.
The main principles of treatment are
1. Improve maternal Nutrition
2. Improve maternal health / treat the underlying
medical conditions in the mother
3. Monitor baby’s growth and well being by periodic
assessments
4. Deliver if mature or if problems with baby’s
wellbeing
Treatment of IUGR
11.
Early Delivery
Increased risk for hypoxia (lack of oxygen when the baby
is born)
Increased risk of fetal distress and caesarean section in
labour
Increased risk for meconium aspiration and pneumonia
and respirator distress in the newborn
Increased risk for motor and neurological disabilities
problems like hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and
Hypothermia( poor temperature control)
Poor growth and development in infancy
Risks of IUGR
12.
Any pregnancy that is located outside the uterus is called
an ectopic pregnancy
Commonest location is the fallopian tube
Life threatening for mother unless diagnosed and treated
Symptoms –
1. Asymptomatic - no symptoms and the ectopic
pregnancy is detected on routine ultrasound assessment
of early pregnancy
2. Sudden severe lower abdominal pain with fainting with
missed periods
3. Recurrent episodes of abdominal pain in early
pregnancy
Ectopic Pregnancy
13.
Who is at risk
Pregnant women
Women with previous infections in the pelvis , tubal
surgeries in the past
women with history of infertility , endometriosis and
those who have taken treatments for infertility
Women with previous ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic Pregnancy
14.
Diagnosis – A challenging problem!
Step 1. Correct diagnosis of pregnancy by blood
pregnancy test called Beta HCG
Step 2. Transvaginal Ultrasound of pelvis to check for
pregnancy location if beta HCG levels more tha 1500
Step 1 & 2 may need to be repeated
Ectopic pregnancy
15.
Surgical
Laparoscopy is the surgical method of choice
Allows diagnosis and treatment at the same time
Medical Treatment with methotrexate(medicine)
possible in certain women under supervision
Ectopic Pregnancy -
Treatment