Valerie Sinkus, PT, explains the fascia, its problems, and its treatment.

1. by Valerie Sinkus, PT

17. free to glide
upon the
muscle
Epimysial
Aponeurotic
strictly connected to
the muscle

33. Antebrachial Fascia

38. “When you deal with the
fascia, you deal and do
business with the branch
offices of the brain, and under
the general corporation law,
the same as the brain itself.
Why not treat it with the same
degree of respect”
Andrew Taylor Still , 1899 : Structural Integration Atlanta

44. Epimysium of the Muscle
Epimysium stained blue showing high
concentration of glycosaminoglycans (HA).
Section of muscle, Azan-Mallory stains the
connective tissue blue and the muscle red.

45. A compression structure vs. a flexible tensegrity structure
Angela Caine LRAM, AGSM 2010

46. Tensegrity
Buckminster Fuller
Goal : Stability & Efficiency
Forces of Tension Structure
Tensional Integrity
Muscles, Ligaments,
Tendons, Fascia Bones

47. {
 When misalignment in the
body occurs a tensegrity
structure can disintegrate
into a compressional
structure
In which we commonly
call the aging process
Ida Rolf: Bones are
Spacers

50. Continuity of Trunk Fascia

51. Rachlin E. et al (2002) demonstrated that stimulation of different areas of the
trunk wall can induce symptoms in patients that are similar to symptoms that
could originate from internal organs.
Stimulus to the xiphoid area
Stimulus to the left
hypochondrium
Stimulus to periumbilical region,
over rectus abdominis
Stimulus to right superior surface
of rectus abdominis muscle
Pain similar to a heart attack
Sensation of indigestion
Sensation of satiety or
fullness
Colic type pain

52. Two
Possibilities
The initial
problem has a
visceral origin
The initial
problem has a
muscular origin
Compensation along the
muscular fasciae
Rigidity of the container
interferes with correct organ
mobility
An anomalous traction of the
muscular fasciae stretches
the visceral fasciae around
the points of connection
VISCERAL PAIN and FASCIAE

54. Thoracic
o-f unit
Dysfunctions
vi-th
o-f unit
Dyspnoea
Cough
Trachitis
Bronchitis
va-th
o-f unit
Arrhythmia
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Angina pectoris
gl-th
o-f unit
Thymitis
Pericarditis
Diaphragm problems
Palpitations
Thoracic Dysfunctions

55. Catenaries and Distal Tensors

57. Angela Caine

58. Structure - Function
The tongue constitutes an excellent
examples of the intimate and reciprocal
interrelationship between structure and
function.
Scoppa

59. Anteromedial muscular chain
(Denis-Struyf, 1982)
Fabio Scoppa 2004

60. Type 1 Glosso-postural Syndrome
Upper crossed neuromuscular imbalance
Lower crossed neuromuscular imbalance
Fabio Scoppa 2004

61. The hyo-glossus apparatus links:
• Maxillae
• Cranium
• Cervical
• Scapula
• Larynx
• Pharynx
A functional diaphragm linking the body’s
anterior & posterior muscular chains.
Scoppa

63. Normal Swallow Abnormal Swallow
The Tongue, through the
styloglossus muscle, exerts a
traction force on the base of
the skull
The Atlanto-Occipital
relationship is altered, giving
rise to compensations
involving the whole
locomotor apparatus
Scoppa

64. Ankyloglossia and Postural Modification Genovese and Olivi 2011

68. Fascial Layers of the Neck – Cross section

69. Posterior
Abdomen wall

75. Fascial Layers of the Neck – Sagittal section

76. Anterior Neck

77. Muscles of Pharynx
Lateral view

85. “any intervention on the fascial system may have
an effect on the autonomic nervous system and on
all the organs which are directly affected by the
autonomic nervous system.”
J. Stubes

86. Internal Visceral Sequences

88. The three
internal
sequences do
not only
function for
themselves –
they depend on
the needs of
the body
They must,
therefore, be
connected with
all parts of the
body in order to
perceive bodily
needs
Each internal
sequence
connects with
and is
continuous with
specific
myofascial
sequences in
order to
perceive
afferents from
the periphery
Is this Isolation Absolute?

89. Autonomic Nervous System - Ganglia

90. Autonomic
Ganglia

91. Vagus Nerve

92. Physiology
Myofascial
Interaction
Deep fascia
striated
muscles
The muscle-spindle are
activated through passive
stretching and by CNS
input
Internal fascia
smooth muscle
The neutral web of one o-f
unit is activated through
stretching and by input
from CNS (vagus, phrenic
n.)
System
Interaction
Superficial
fascia external
systems
The autonomic fibers of
the hypoderm are
activated by external
stimulation and
paravertebral ganglia
Internal fascia
internal
systems
The extramural ganglia of
the internal apparatus are
organized by the
prevertebral ganglia and
thalamus coordinating
systemic functions
Internal and
External
Apparatus
Of the
Locomotor
And Internal
Apparatus

104. Palpation / Treatment

106. From dysfunction to function: need to interrupt
the vicious cycle
• FM aims to interrupt the
‘memory’ of the superficial and
deep fasciae with regards to
muscular trauma and internal
dysfunctions.
• Any intervention in the fascial
system may have an effect on
the autonomic nervous system
and on all the organs which are
directly affected by the
autonomic nervous system.
(J. Stubesand)
Manipulation
of superficial
fasciae
Modifies
densification
Transmission
of autonomic
afferents
Normalizes
autonomic
afferents

112. Revisiting the early cross-patterning reflex
in adults using balance and stretch
Singing with co-ordinated movement
highlights any weakness in early reflex
patterns
Angela Caine LRAM, AGSM 2010

114. “Different individual treatment of all clinicians
must overlap throughout the human tensegrity
structure if correction is to return the patient to
maximum function.”
Angela Caine

115. www.revinmo.com

116. {
The Hand Guided
by Knowledge is
Powerful
Luigi Stecco,PT