The history of lesson planning began in the 4th century when Christian educators developed the catechismal method to reeducate converted adults and teach children. This involved comprehensive texts covering questions and answers for students to memorize. In the 19th century, educators like Horace Mann and Edward Sheldon developed new approaches including age-specific classes and field trips. In the late 19th century, as teacher training became academic, educators developed standardized lesson plans like the 5-step Herbartian model and 4-step 1940s/50s model. In the 1960s, individualized instruction was popularized but behaviorism influenced lesson planning. Madeline Hunter's 7-step model dominated in the 1970s-1990s before criticism