1. MANAGEMENT OF MENTAL
RETARDATION (MR)
PRESENTED BY
DR. MAYANK SHARMA

2. INVESTIGATION
 THREE CRITERIA ARE USED TO
DETERMINE MENTAL
RETARDATION.
 1 INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT(IQ).
 2 SIGNIFICANT LIMITATIONS IN 2
OR MORE AREAS OF ADAPTIVE
BEHAVIORS.
 3 THESE LIMITATIONS BECOME
APPARENT IN CHILDHOOD.

3. INTELLIGENCE QOUTIENT
CLASS IQ
PROFOUND MR LESS THEN 20
SEVERE MR 20-34
MODERATE MR 35-49
MILD MR 50-69
BORDERLINE INTELLECTUAL 70-84
FUNCTIONING
IQ LESS THEN 70 IS CONSIDERED AS MR.

4. OTHER INVESTIGATIONS
 EEG.
 DEVELOPMENT AND FAMILY
HISTORY.
 THYROID FUNCTION TEST: T4,
TSH.
 CHROMOSOMAL STUDY FOR
DOWN SYNDROME, TURNER’S
SYNDROME, FRAGILE X
SYNDROME ETC.
 URINE TESTS FOR

5. OTHER INVESTIGATIONS
 BIOPSY(BONE
MARROW,LIVER,RECTUM,BRAIN,S
KIN) TO CONFIRM STORAGE
DISORDERS.
 X-RAY SKULL, CSF EXAMINATION.
 CT AND MRI SCAN MAY DEFINE
HYDROCEPHALUS,ABSENCE OF
CORPUS CALLOSUM,TUBEROUS
SCLEROSIS,CORTICAL ATROPHY.

6. SCREENING TEST
 PRENATAL SCREENING TEST:--
 AMNIOCENTESIS.
 CHORIONIC VILLOUS SAMPELING.
 ULTRASONOGRAPHY.

7. PREVENTION
 GENETIC COUNSELLING:
CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES.
 MOTHERS OLDER THAN 35YRS
SHOULD BE SCREENED FOR
DOWN SYNDROME.
 DURING PREGNANCY,GOOD
ANTENATAL CARE AND
AVOIDANCE OF
TERATOGENS, HORMONES,IODIDE
S, AND ANTITHYROID DRUGS IS
GIVEN.

8.  DURING LABOR, GOOD
OBSTETRICS AND POSTNATAL
SUPERVISION IS ESSENTIAL TO
PREVENT BIRTH
ASPHYXIA,INJURIES,JAUNDICE
AND SEPSIS.
 NEONATAL AND NEUROLOGICAL
INFECTIONS SHOULD BE
DIAGNOSED AND TREATED
PROMPTLYY.

9.  CRETINISM AND GALACTOSEMIA
SHOULD BE TREATED EARLY IN
INFANCY.
 SCREENING OF ALL THE
NEWBORN INFANTS FOR
METABOLIC DISORDERS SUCH AS
PKU AND HOMOCYSTINURIA.

10. DRUG THERAPY
 NO SPESIFIC DRUGS AVAILABLE..
 NEUROLEPTIC DRUGS TO
REDUCE AGGRESSIVE AND
ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR. EG
PHENOTHIAZINES.
 ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS.
 ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS.

11. TREATMENT
 TREATMMENT REQUIRES
PATIENCE, GOOD WILL, UNLIMITED
TIME.
 MINIMAL CRETICISM AND HIGH
APPRECIATION.
 ASSOCIATED
VISION, HEARING, MUSCULOSKEL
ETAL,AND LOCOMOTION
DYSFUNCTION SHOULD BE
APPROPRIATELY MANAGED.
 MAINSTREAMING.

12. MAINSTREAMING
 IT MEANS TO BRING THE MR
CHILDREN WITH THE NORMAL
CHILDREN.
 CAN BE ACHIEVED BY PLACING
THE MR CHILDREN IN ‘REGULAR’
CLASSROOMS TO NORMALISE
THEIR BEHAVIOR.
 DAY CAREER
CENTERS, INTEGRATED
SCHOOLS, VOCATIONAL TRAINING
CENTERS ARE USEFUL.

13. TREATMENT STRATEGY
MILDER MR SEVERE MR
1 BEHAVIOR INTRUCTIONS 1 BEHAVIOR INTRUCTIONS
2 EARLY INTERVENTION 2 DRUGS TO CONTROL
PROGRAMS. AGGRESSION AND SELF
INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR.
3 SPECIAL EDUCATION
3 EITHER HOME CARE OR
INSTITUTIONALIZATION
4 MAINSTREAMING

14. THANK YOU