Tectonic activity shapes landscapes through various volcanic and non-volcanic processes. Volcanic landforms include extrusive features like volcanic cones and lava plateaus formed by eruptions, and intrusive features such as batholiths, stocks, and dikes formed by underground magma intrusions. Non-volcanic landforms are shaped by earthquakes, faulting, and folding which produce structures like rift valleys, faults, and fold belts that influence topography and coastal geography. The interplay between tectonic forces and erosion over time exposes and modifies these landforms at and below the Earth's surface.